content theories include all of the following theories except:

SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. 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Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. c) Expectancy When we sense that we are valuable contributors, are achieving something important, or are getting better at some skill, we like this feeling and strive to maintain it. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. b) Cells pass on genetic material to daughter cells during cell division. b. ERG theory. That means giving them opportunities to learn new skills, to perform their jobs without interference, and to develop meaningful relationships with other customers and employees in other departments. b) Equity e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. d) Hygiene factors contribute to job satisfaction. SDT specifies when an activity will be intrinsically motivating and when it will not. c) Its essence is that perceived inequity is a motivating state. Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. c) Relatedness Rather, hygienes refer to job context factors (pay, working conditions, supervision, and security). a) expectancy c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. Textbook content produced by OpenStax is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License . Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development a) hygiene factors are associated with the job context or work setting. d) Social and esteem Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. Researchers have used it to identify the wide range of factors that influence worker reactions. Champions for the effort must be found throughout the organization, not just at the top. One major problem with the need approach to motivation is that we can make up a need for every human behavior. . reflection g. A therapy that uses secondary reinforcements to change behavior. The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. d) People with a high need for achievement will also have a high need for affiliation. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. This book uses the c. mainly by accident. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. then you must include on every physical page the following attribution: If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a digital format, c) top-down goals. a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. They differ in that they feel best when they have influenced a work group to achieve the groups goals, and not some personal agenda. AC78.6 ac midterm examinations theories. Hygiene needs, on the other hand, must be met to avoid dissatisfaction (but do not necessarily provide satisfaction or motivation).15. McClellands other power seeker is the social power seeker. Once satisfied, employees will be motivated to build esteem and respect through their work achievements. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. microbiology lab final exam answers wordpress com, symbiosis microbiology lab manual pearson answers, microbiology lab manual growth medium sterilization, biology 1010 lab manual answers wordpress com, biol 230 laboratory manual the grapes . Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. d) power The genetic theory of aging states that lifespan is largely determined by the genes we inherit. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). Motivators relate to job content. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. c) reinforcers We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. According to Maslow, Sharon is driven by which these needs? Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices Practice of loving kindness and equanimity (self-control/composure) within context of caring consciousness In Maslow's needs hierarchy, __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and __________ needs must be satisfied before __________ needs are activated, and so on. The key difference between theories of learning and models of teaching is that theories describe a. explicit strategies. A common perception about people who perform unskilled jobs is that they are unmotivated and content doing what they are doing. Matching b. Verifiability c . How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior. b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. b) Feelings of inequity are determined solely by the individual's interpretation of the situation. e) ERG theory focuses on the consequences of an individual's behavior, whereas Maslow's theory does not. 3. Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). Herzbergs theory has made lasting contributions to organizational research and managerial practice. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. e) Reinforcement. It doesnt matter whether the information implies success or failure. They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. The unique feature of Herzbergs theory is that job conditions that prevent dissatisfaction do not cause satisfaction. Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization d) ERG theory provides a timeline for action, but Maslow's theory does not. e) subconscious goals and conscious goals are not linked, a) difficult goals lead to higher performance than "do your best" or easy goals, ________ conducted research on subconscious goal motivation. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). 66. All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: According to the theory, our longevity is primarily determined at the moment of conception and is largely reliant on our parents and their genes. a) opportunity for advancement. b) satisfier factors SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. They want others to respond to their wishes whether or not it is good for the organization. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. It is critical, however, that those managerial jobs allow the employee to satisfy the nPow through social power acquisition. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. 30. Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety Describe a content theory of motivation. b. integrative. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. b.) Intrinsic rewards satisfy higher-order needs like relatedness and growth in ERG theory. b. Freud studies mainly "sick" people. Easy Peasy All-in-One Homeschool is a free Christian homeschool curriculum for grades K-12. e) Interactional justice. The answer is, the success of many organizations is dependent on the nAch levels of their employees.6 This is especially true for jobs that require self-motivation and managing others. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. a.) Lucretias chattiness probably indicates her need for affiliation. To control ones human environment. d) Safety d) tacit negative inequity c) sense of responsibility. consent of Rice University. Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. e) expectancy or instrumentality or valence equals zero, d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by clarifying performance-reward relationships and confirming these relationships when rewards are actually given for performance accomplishments. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards To ask or answer general questions. To put things in order. b) instrumentality is high and expectancy and valence are low They want to know whether they have achieved or not. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. __________ is classified as a process theory. a) existence factors e) In collectivist cultures, people seem to be more concerned about equality than equity. Identify situational conditions. d) Higher-order There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. To praise, honor, or eulogize. Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. Orem believes there are two types of human beings: those who need nursing care and those who produce it. Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. the amount of effort a person puts forth. They actively seek out performance feedback. a) research evidence suggests that the needs in Maslow's hierarchy exist in a flexible rather than rigid order. b) Hygiene factors refer to job content. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? e) ERG theory, 65. High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. According to CB Bhattacharya, the Pietro Ferrero Chair in Sustainability at ESMT European School of Management and Technology in Berlin, Germany, employment engagement, or how positive employees feel about their current job, was at an all-time low globally in 2016: 13 percent. The cell membrane is composed. To assist an object in danger. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? c) Two-factor theory Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! The basis behind this theory is that segments of DNA that occur at the . ______________ is classified as a content theory. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. d) Goal setting Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? Again, there are no easy answers. Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. The Anti-Immigration Protests Q9 - All of the following are policy/program implications from rational theories EXCEPT: A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. d) Motivation-hygiene theory A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. existence They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. a) Expectations, relationships, and goals They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. Jobs that pay well and that are performed in safe, clean working conditions with adequate supervision and resources directly or indirectly satisfy these lower-order needs. He refers to these factors as satisfiers to reflect their ability to provide satisfying experiences. a) reducing work inputs. 6. c) Esteem When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. c) valence is high and expectancy and instrumentality are low b) instrumentalities Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. c) more than one need may be activated at the same time Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power? A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization Do you think most companies CSR programs are essentially PR gimmicks? a) pay The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. e) Self-actualization and physiological. But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. d. goal-setting theory. Management by objectives is criticized for placing too much emphasis on all of the following EXECPT: 2016. How Companies Can Tap Sustainability to Motivate Staff. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/how-companies-tap-sustainability-to-motivate-staff/, Mulvey, Kelsey. b. through empirical analysis. To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. a. d) working conditions. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. Long since displaced by more refined theories, hedonism clarifies the idea that needs provide direction for motivation. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. a) felt negative inequity e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. c) reinforcers d) affiliation. a) Existence Question 16:- All of the following are content theories except: a) operant conditioning b) SDT theory c) ERG theory d) Motivator/Hygiene theory . A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. Question 8. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. Ans: e Page: 102 e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. b. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). d) Motivation = expectancy X rewards X valence Satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on different scales in his view. Job context factors include all of the following except. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site b) difficult goals frustrate workers b) instrumentality d) interactional justice e) relatedness. c) job enrichment 47. LEVEL 2 Wine Online with Tasting Kit Course runs April 3 - May 8, 2023 Live Webinars: Mondays 4/10, 4/17, 4/24 and 5/08 from 3pm-4:30pm ET. e.) Inducement. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. Jason Mackenzie Alexander argues morality is a form of social technology - it is context specific and it can go out-of-date As we increasingly satisfy our existence needs, we direct energy toward relatedness needs. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______., A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______., Criminological theories are all of the following EXCEPT ______. a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . 56. To be seen and heard. There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. Good pay by itself will only make the employee neutral toward work; to attain satisfaction, employees need challenging job duties that result in a sense of achievement. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. Manifest needs theory laid the groundwork for later theories, most notably McClellands learned needs theory, that have greatly influenced the study of organizational behavior. Intense forms of dissatisfaction distract employees from important work-related activities and tend to be demotivating.16 Thus, managers should make sure that such basic needs as adequate pay, safe and clean working conditions, and opportunities for social interaction are met. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. If the dollar decreases in value in 53. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? c) supervision. a) Positive inequity More specifically, Herzberg believes these motivators lead to high performance (achievement), and the high performance itself leads to satisfaction. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). financial assets include all of the following, except? Manifest needs theory assumes that human behavior is driven by the desire to satisfy needs. d) psychologically distorting the comparisons. The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. This doesnt mean that they avoid other people, or that they dislike others. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo To master or make up for a failure by restriving. c) the satisfaction of a need at one level will always decrease its importance and increase the importance of the next lower need. Question 17:- Managerial implications for the SDT theory include: a) to motivate high performance for uninteresting jobs make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. In contrast, if high-nAff people perform jobs in isolation from other people, they will be less motivated to perform well. e) feeling of personal growth. c) internalized negative inequity d.) Motivator To form and further an erotic relationship. c) Self-actualization social, esteem, and self-actualization. a) Specific goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are no goals or vague or very general ones.

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