paul lansky son of meyer lansky
Gambling honcho David Berman and his allies similarly broke up rallies of the Silver Shirts in Minneapolis, who sought to replicate Hitlers Brown Shirts in Germany and Mussolinis Black Shirts in Italy by attacking Jewish communists inAmerica. Meyer arrived at the Lower East Side of Manhattan in 1911. More notably, after he died, Luciano took over his vast connections in the liquor and drug industries. The Imperial House is still there, where he lived, on Collins Avenue. Failed to report flower. His grandson, Meyer Lansky II, has gone on to work in the casino industry and is featured in a 2015 docudrama on the formation of the mob. The mob accelerated the development of the Las Vegas strip of casino hotels and ruled the town for decades until its replacement by corporate management. Cerebral To the Italians, being a Mafioso was a thing of honor. Over recent decades, Jewish leadership in building Las Vegas included not only the Goodmans but also Steve Wynn, the visionary casino creator who was financed by the junk bonds created by investment banker and humanitarian Michael Milken, as well as the developers of the worlds largest hotel, Jewish philanthropists Sheldon and Dr. Miriam Adelson. One of his first large percussion pieces was Threads, 2005, written for the S Percussion quartet. Do you see anything of your grandfather in the portrayals? We had a ways to go at that time but he appreciated it. He told me stories that had nothing to do with his background, but he was never like that at all. All photos uploaded successfully, click on the Done button to see the photos in the gallery. Lansky is an engrossing movie about the life of legendary Jewish mob boss Meyer Lansky. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Resend Activation Email. There is a problem with your email/password. As the story goes, Lucianos gang tried to shake the young Jewish kid down but he wouldnt stay down. They have been used by dance companies (Bill T. Jones, Eliot Feld Ballet, New York City Ballet). English He knew that hed never make it in America by maintaining Sicilian tradition and identity, so he changed his name to Charlie Luciano. Should you have information that conflicts with anything shown please make us aware by email. He left a disturbing legacy of inexcusable violence, but endures as a humanized figure of intense fascination for the American public, and not least for American Jewry whose communal legacy includes several bigtime gangsters with humble Yiddish roots who fought against some of the Jews worst enemies. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. My dad said why dont you play your grandfather something. So we played Evil Ways by Santana, just by chance. Thats a new theory. My dad was in the military. He did have a sense of it. My grandfather had the Wurlitzer distributorship right here in New York in the forties. Oh yes, very much so. At one point I was very into sports and he told my father its getting out of balance. WebA native of Tacoma, Washington, Meyer II is the son of Paul Lansky (West Point, '54), and the grandson and namesake of Meyer Lansky, the Mob's Accountant. Meyer Lansky was born in 1902 in Grodno, Russia (present day Belarus), immigrating to America as a child. Meyer Lansky, an organized-crime figure known for his sharp financial acumen, was instrumental in the development of a national crime syndicate in the United States. Try again later. I know he frequented nightclubs as a business but did he have a great appreciation for the arts? Roads, Curtis. Can you say anything to any of the stories like how Lansky counseled Joe DiMaggio on getting back Marilyn Monroe after she divorced Arthur Miller or that he pranked Frank Sinatra so bad that he paid a priest $50,000 to hide out from Sam Giancana in a church basement? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Buddy proposed to his wife, Meyer Lansky is one of the most enthralling mobsters in American history, and yet, he seems to always be represented as a supporting player. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. Your grandfather was one of a few individuals who shaped the 20th Century. Lee Strasberg also portrayed the Lansky-inspired character Hyman Roth in The Godfather: Part II. That must have been later. As manager of this memorial you can add or update the memorial using the Edit button below. Did he have any sense of his own place in history? He frequently uses traditional tonal syntax. This is why Lansky insisted that his sons study hard in school and become something respectable. You never want to build something when you dont own the land underneath it, Meyer.. The son of Jewish parents, his family immigrated to the United States in 1911 after suffering at the Lansky was jailed briefly in 1953 for a gambling charge. In 1948, Lansky married Thelma Schwarz, with whom he remained until his death. If your grandfather didnt go into that career, with his mathematical mind, etc., what do you think he would have done? A system error has occurred. After the war, he invested in real estate ventures, including Siegels casino developments in Las Vegas, and also continued to earn money from both legitimate and illegal activities. I was around Vincent Alo who was called Johnny Ola in the movie, Godfather II. Try again. Under Lanskys guidance, crime became bigger than U.S. Steel, to quote The Godfather Part II. FBI files reveal powerful New York mob figures Chicago ties, The FBI Files database by the Chicago Sun-Times, Jeffrey Dahmers FBI files offer glimpses of what was inside the mind of the serial killer, George Halas FBI connection: File reveals late Bears owner helped the feds on occasions, FBI file reveals 1982 death threat against Walter Payton that prompted a federal investigation, A database of FBI files on people with Chicago and Illinois ties, FBI files shed light on nearly a century of threats to Chicago politicians and an alderman suspected of being a secret communist, FBI records reveal one Catholic bishops views on race, anothers taste for angel food cake, Onetime Chicago Outfit bosss FBI files shed no light on why he escaped charges in Family Secrets killings, Rush pushing for release of secret FBI files on Black Panther Fred Hamptons killing in Chicago, FBI files detail the story of ex-Chicagoan Martha Dodd Stern who became a Soviet spy, Feds zeroed in on OHare Airport deals during Daley administration, FBI files show, Janis Joplins last Chicago-area show, at Ravinia, had the FBI worried about violence, FBI Files: Northwestern astronomer J. Allen Hynek wrote about UFO phenomenon for the FBI, Dear Abby: When my husbands brother marries, I should be in the wedding, Jose Abreu on life with the Astros and leaving the White Sox, who werent a family in 2022, Founding fathers didnt own AR-15s or large capacity magazines, Pritzker and Raoul argue in defense of ban, Dear Abby: With boyfriends fussy father living here, I feel trapped, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and wife to invest $250 million in new Chicago research lab, Schaumburg man denied bail for allegedly fatally stabbing ex-girlfriend, Max Domi describes trade from Blackhawks to Stars: One of the crazier days, Man dies at Cook County Jail less than a day after being booked, 2 men stabbed during fight in River North. What were the most glaring differences between what you know and what the movies showed us? During the mainframe era computer time was scarce and expensive, and this prompted Lansky to write his own software package called Mix, in Fortran. We wanted to show them that the Jews would not always sit back and accept insults.. Try again later. Significant commissions came from the Library of Congress and the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center for the wind quintet The Long and Short of It, and Chamber Music America for a trio for the Janus Trio, Book of Memory, and for S Percussion, Springs. With a media landscape fascinated by gang culture, there have been several biographies on Lansky, including Little Man: Meyer Lansky and the Gangster Life by Robert Lacey (1991) and Havana Nocturne: How the Mob Owned Cuba and Then Lost It to the Revolution (2009) by T. J. English. Which stories again? Capone stood for all the traditional violence and toughness of U.S. urban crime while Lansky stood for the brains, the sophistication . Lansky's instrumental music generally eschews extended instrumental techniques. She saw Moretti on his last day and she was traumatized, of course, the next day when it was in the paper that he was gone. He was Murder Inc with Albert Anastassia, that aspect of the business. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. There was one time, I was in my early twenties, we were on the beach in Miami and we stopped. The UK's supply crisis puts extra pressure on Prime Minister Boris. What happened to Meyer Lanskys second wife? After a few federal indictments and a few years in prison, Gotti Jr. left the life all together. I never spent any time in New York with him. He never changed perspective, holding firm as a tough Jew to his motto, life is shades of gray, not black and white.. Theyd put them in bars and collect like 60 percent, which was fifteen dollars a week at the time. Weve updated the security on the site. Fearing prosecution for various offenses, in 1970 Lansky attempted to retire and immigrate to Israel, aiming to use the countrys Law of the Return, which grants citizenship to anyone of Jewish heritage. My dads talked about New York. Its not what you think. More recent examples are Book of Memory, which comments on music from Machaut to Scriabin, Ancient Echoes, based on late-16th-century dance music, and Ricercare Plus, inspired by 17th-century counterpoint. Over the past twenty-five years the subject has resided in the major cities of the United States for short periods of time, especially in Miami Beach, Florida, Las Vegas, Nevada, Los Angeles, California, New Orleans, Louisiana, Chicago, Illinois, and Omaha, Nebraska, reads one old but undated FBI record. (Input data is frequently in the form of a program rather than a notelist.) The stories are made up, to say the least. With geographic, political and social divides growing wider, high-quality reporting and informed analysis are more important than ever to keep people connected. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Among many popular films of this genre, arguably the two best are The Godfather trilogy (I and II, in particular), which tells the story of an Italian crime family led by Don Corleone (based on both Frank Costello and Lucky Luciano, Lanskys key associate and the most powerful Mafia boss in the United States), and Once Upon a Time in America, a stunning saga of the rise of young Jewish street gangsters (loosely based on Lansky and Bugsy Siegel) in Brooklyn, N.Y., during the Prohibition Era of 1920-1933. I had never heard them before. Share this memorial using social media sites or email. In 1937,Bugsymoved his gambling rackets to California, where he befriended Hollywood moguls and starlets, borrowing money from several celebrities whom he never repaid. She described him as very nice. Idaho Murders: What Led Police to Bryan Kohberger, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, Birth Year: 1902, Birth date: July 4, 1902, Birth City: Grodno, Birth Country: Russia. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. The piece is not so much a setting of the poem as it is a study of the contours of a live reading of the poem. Do you feel a disconnect because you didnt grow up in New York? Daniel's 5th outing as Bond gets bums back on seats in the cinema. In his book Tough Jews: Fathers, Sons, and Gangster Dreams, author Rich Cohen adds to this catalogue of Jewish criminals the story of Louis Lepke Buchalter, the head of the mafia hit squad known as Murder, Inc. and the only mobster ever executed by the state of New York. You would go to Monk. The bulk of his approximately 70 electronic compositions are contained on ten solo CDs (see Discography). Looks like Junior was able to break some rules too. Joe Gallo ran jukeboxes in South Brooklyn, do you think there was any crossover? Im 57 so I was around for 27 years and heard the real thing. In the early 1970s, De Toledo, who is today 77 and lives in the Tel Aviv suburb of Ramat Hasharon, was a waitress in the lobby of the Dan Hotel in Tel Aviv. Charlie managed a slight smile, but Meyer did not look amused one bit., An FBI record from 1954 says Lansky was one of the group of top hoodlums, who controls the rackets, specifically the Eastern District . Jews were seeking funds and weapons to liberate Palestine from British control. Verify and try again. The tax evasion charges? His I noticed a couple things, I dont know if they knew about things like that: My grandfather always liked being on top of a building because he felt safer. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. While there are a few pieces for electronics and live instruments the bulk of Lansky's pieces are recorded "tape" pieces. Den of Geek: Youre not from the city, are you? Fury of the Gods Brings Back the "Shazamily": Inside DC's New Superhero Adventure, Scream 6's Brutal NYC Trip: "You Can't Trust Anyone" This Time, Cocaine Bear Is Not Just About a Killer "Coked-Up" Bear, It's Also an "Underdog Story", How Marvel's Wastelanders Podcast Created an Exciting Story with No Visual Safety Net, Making of the Mob: Meyer Lanskys Grandson Testifies. I would compare what really happened to what the movies said happened and the books. February 27, 2023 By scottish gaelic translator By scottish gaelic translator On Jan. 15, 1983, Meyer Lansky died at 81. He was also a father-figure to hundreds of young Jewish boys who wanted to be tough and not be seen as bean-counters and bookworms. Next, continuing his anti-Nazi efforts during World War II, Lansky led the efforts to assist the U.S. Office of Naval Intelligence to identity German infiltrators and submarine-bornesaboteurs. He dated actress Virginia Hill, an underworld moll herself who helpedBugsys bosses back east keep an eye on him.In 1945, Siegel and Hill came to Las Vegas to build a gambling mecca in the Nevada desert, starting with the Flamingo Hotel and Casino, funded by the eastern crime syndicate with $1.5 million. The area I grew up in didnt have a lot of knowledge, especially in the seventies, about the mob and my grandpa. During the mid 1990s Lansky began to be approached by performers who were attracted to the performative-like aspects of his computer music. Donald asks the courts to let him tweet. There was an error deleting this problem. This article was originally published at theJewish Journal. Lansky managed to evade U.S. prosecution, however, and live as a free man to age 80. Aging in Miami, but still under federal investigation for a suspected $300 million in undiscovered cash savings (much of his fortune was made in 1950s Cuba but then likely lost when Communists destroyed the gambling halls of Havana), the real-life Lansky did in fact reveal his tales prior to his natural passing in 1983, to historian Robert Rockaway, a longtime professor at Tel Aviv University and co-writer of the movie with his son, Eytan. AKA Maier Suchowjanski. He got hold of his wife and his wife knew right away that it was Meyer. Family members linked to this person will appear here. He liked the way he portrayed him. Yvonne Lattouf-Delgado was found dead Wednesday in the northwest suburb. in the mid-1980s, they found two black-and-white icons on the wall: a photograph of Al Capone and, alongside it, a photograph of Meyer Lansky the twin patron saints, according to the book, by Robert Lacey. He knew good from bad. But it is Meyer Lansky who was the top mobster of his era, as previously featured in David Mamets HBO movie Lansky (1999) starring Richard Dreyfuss. Perhaps the most compelling scene in Lansky focuses on his attempted emigration to Israel in the early 1970s, where he sought to avoid tax evasion prosecution in the United States by appealing for citizenship under the law of return. Denied asylum by Golda Meir, who faced pressure from American authorities, Lansky bitterly recounted that his early support of Israel was not reciprocated at his most critical time of need. WebBuddy was the eldest son of Anne Citron and Meyer Lansky. 16-Year-Old Swimming Phenom Pulls Off Remarkable Upset Of Katie Ledecky For First Time In Nine Years, NASCAR Superstar Chase Elliott Could Be Eliminated From Championship Contention After Gruesome Injury, Paige Spiranacs Latest Instagram Photo Goes Viral, NBA Fans React To News Of Ja Morant Suspension After Waving Gun At Club On Instagram Video, XFL Player Who Was Released For Leaking Playbook Has Been Reinstated, Future Hall Of Famer Von Miller Just Made A Shocking Revelation About His Future, State Of Utah Released A Delicious Frog Legs Recipe To Encourage Locals To Hunt Them, Willem Dafoe Let Emma Stone Slap Him 20 Times For A Scene He Wasnt Even In, Get A Little Extra Wild This St. Patricks Day With Grunt Style Gear, Partake Like Seth Rogen With His Specially Designed Pottery And Homeware, Dr. Squatch Roars Out A New Jurassic Park Soap Collection (Limited Edition), UFC 285 Stream: How To Watch The Fight Live Online via ESPN+. He is also known as Bernard Irving Lansky. He said see that new building going up? I said yes. Lansky was born Meier Suchowlaski in Belarus on July 4, 1902, to a poor Polish family that faced persecution and pogroms. I know what everybody else would. You mean fighting as in killing? When told yes, Siegel advised, Im with you. He quietly provided suitcases full of cash in support. Born in Russia, Meyer Lansky was a Jew who came to America with his family. Louie Buchalter had the tough thing too, thats what he was. Meyer II has worked They talked. In exchange for the release of his friend Luciano from prison, Lanskys men provided security for U.S. warships being built in the docks of New York Harbor. Thanks for your help! In my life Ive learned about true stories and things that arent true. He contributed to Altvariety, Chiseler, Smashpipe, and other magazines. He wasnt a rough guy with anybody. Although he could never be a made man, Lansky was the unofficial consigliere (advisor) to mob chairman Charles Lucky Luciano. (July 25, 2021 / Jewish Journal) In his autobiography, Being Oscar: From Mob Lawyer to Mayor of Las Vegas, Oscar Goodman recounts his 35 years as a famed criminal defense lawyer for Jewish gangsters Meyer Lansky, Benjamin Bugsy Siegel and Frank Lefty Rosenthal, on whom the character Ace Rothstein was based in the movie Casino.. Relentlessly promotive of Las Vegas as both a glamorous international tourist destination and an increasingly desirable suburb for California tax refugees, Oscar Goodman advocated the development of the highly regarded Mob Museum(The National Museum of Organized Crime & Law Enforcement), which carefully documents the many stories of the predominantly Jewish and Italian mafias in the United States, as well as todays international criminal gangs engaged in financial cybercrimes, human trafficking and the global drug and exotic animals trades. He opened up roadhouses across the United States and would also gain a major foothold in Cuba, creating casinos there under the dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista. Drag images here or select from your computer for Anatoly Paul Smelyansky Lansky memorial. A residency with the Alabama Symphony led to several orchestral pieces (Shapeshifters, Imaginary Islands). Click here to Start FameChaining. Following pogroms in Russia, Max Meyer Lansky was born Maier Suchowljansky in 1902, in Grodno, Russia. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Flowers added to the memorial appear on the bottom of the memorial or here on the Flowers tab. My dad met Frank, he had a Christmas party when my dad was about 14 and Frank was standing there at the buffet. They were able to run things, have authority. A few of them are what happened in Israel. None of that is true at all. Lansky met Luciano when they were both teenagers on the lower east side of New York City. Until 2004 this was his predominant focus. I couldnt tell you if he used to watch things like that. Back then crime was divided very cleanly along ethnic lines. He was always indirect, if you know what I mean. Another focus has been classical guitar, alone and in combination: Semi-Suite, With the Grain (concerto), Partita (guitar and percussion.) Having started up a street gambling business and becoming a mentee of .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Arnold Rothstein, Lansky befriended Benjamin Bugsy Siegel, with the two forming a partnership and creating the Bugs and Meyer Mob, known for hiring out men who doled out violence and murder for other organizations. He left school after graduating from the eighth grade and took on tool and die work, later becoming an auto mechanic. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. He was already with grandpa in Miami. They really didnt get anything. Versus? Hes from here and I grew up hearing about all this. They were close the whole time. There was a part of him that was very outgoing and social and he liked to have some drinks and listen to music. That must have been quite a moment for Mr. Strasberg. I just havent been down to the sites here where all this initially took place. I asked him did you know Frank Sinatra one time. I thought Ben Kingsley was fantastic in Bugsy. When he was brought down by federal indictment in 1992, his son John Junior Gotti stepped into his fathers shoes, though they were far from the same man. In 200910 he was the inaugural composer in residence with the Alabama Symphony. Try again later. When you learn something, learn it well. Please ensure you have given Find a Grave permission to access your location in your browser settings. The bulk of his computer music as well as much instrumental music is available on Bridge Records. Learn more about merges. In this violent but also more philosophical film treatment, writer-director Eytan Rockaway features Lanskys efforts to lend his power to combat a period of threatening anti-Semitism and Nazism in the United States as well as to support the fledgling Jewish state of Israel. You can see it just by the way he would tell me: Be honest. Rothstein didnt become the most successful gambler in American history by welshing on his bets. Lanskys life was complex and brutal. He was around when that movie came out and he called Lee Strasburg. The mentor and protg were like father and son, but their vast gap in upbringing maintained a tension that lingered till the end. They didnt want Napolitanos or anything it was just Sicilian, let alone Jewish. I think he knew later I would know more about it. Hed stay on subjects like how my grades were doing and what kinds of sports was I playing and politics. Best Known For: Meyer Lansky, an organized-crime figure known for his sharp financial acumen, was instrumental in the development of a national crime syndicate in the United States. Meyer Lanskys grandson, Meyer Lansky II, spoke exclusively about one of the biggest crime figures in U.S. history. German submarines were sinking allied ships along the eastern seaboard and the mob went to work to infiltrate, identify, and inform on pro-Nazi supporters on the New York waterfront. Meyer Lansky was the highest-ranking non-Italian in the American Mafia. Thats creative license and thats what Hollywood does. Carmen Miranda wouldnt play at one of his casinos in Florida so he had to go over to Cuba, which wasnt that far, and come back that night to bring her these special maracas that she wanted. Your Scrapbook is currently empty. An email has been sent to the person who requested the photo informing them that you have fulfilled their request, There is an open photo request for this memorial. Gideon Levy runs NYC Gangster ToursNew York's premier tour of the crime underworld. On a recent summer evening, guests of theMob Museum gathered for a four-story tour of the well-curated exhibits as well as a movie screening and Q&A with the brilliant Israeli-born director Eytan Rockaway and charismatic actor David Cade of the new biopic Lansky.. He didnt want to think about it anyway. Since then there are about a dozen pieces for percussion instruments, alone and in various ensembles. of made men and $350,000 in his basement. His age wasnt exactly what they portrayed it as in the movies. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. Growing up on Manhattans Lower East Side, Lansky had a hardscrabble life, facing horrible violence as a child, yet he was also renowned for his prodigious mathematical abilities and self-assured demeanor. Sorry! Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? He was educated at Manhattan's High School of Music and Art, Queens College and Princeton University, studying with George Perle and Milton Babbitt, among others. In New York, and Im sure in most cities, Jewish and Italian neighborhoods usually border each other, but besides that, why were they natural allies? They were my brothers. Professor Rockaway notes that Nazi arms, legs, and ribs were broken and skulls were cracked, but no one died., Lansky described breaking up one Brown Shirt rally in Manhattan:The stage was decorated with a swastika and a picture of Hitler. He wanted the best. Famed mobster turned developer Moe Dalitz was given the key to Las Vegas in 1979. So what was a young Jewish boy to do when he was turned out? Bringing him back to the United States would add up to nothing. It is related to some music by Bartok. . Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. "Lansky, Paul". In 1928 Rothstein was shot and killed over a gambling debt that he allegedly refused to pay. Be honest with people and it goes a lot farther. He instilled this in me. [LAUGHS] He encouraged me in everything. John Magaro, who will be playing young Silvio Dante in the upcoming The Sopranos prequel, The Many Saints of Newark, plays young Meyer Lansky. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! Thanks for using Find a Grave, if you have any feedback we would love to hear from you. Buchalter arranged for the 1935 hit on powerful New York gangster Dutch Schultz on orders of senior mafia officials after kingpin Charles Lucky Luciano rejected Schultzs suggestion that the mobs top Commission approve his request to assassinate rising gangbuster New York District Attorney Thomas Dewey. Starting in the mid 1990s Lansky used a well-known software package called SuperCollider. They were probably on a bootlegging business trip to Chicago when surprised by an enterprising detective and lined up in front of the camera in their best hats and overcoats, according to the book. Frank Costello had the leases for the distributorships. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Anatoly Paul Smelyansky Lansky I found on Findagrave.com. Failed to delete memorial. Meyer Lansky's daughter talks about her affair with Dean Martin The Hawks had decided to move forward with the deal when the Stars increased their offer to a second-round pick. Search above to list available cemeteries. Electronic synthesis is frequently used but the main sonic resources are transformations of recorded natural sounds. Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. Mix had no scheduler (meaning that it could create notes in any order) and thus was not suitable for real-time synthesis. In 2000 he received a lifetime achievement award from the Society for Electro-Acoustic Music in the United States. This page was last edited on 15 December 2022, at 22:14. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. He was stationed at Fort Lewis. Lansky would have preferred to knock off some American Nazis, but he agreed and further advised he would take no payment, stating I was a Jew and felt for those Jews in Europe who were suffering.
Christopher Scott Obituary,
Scout Butler Tai Babilonia,
What Happened To Charles Billi On Fox 35 News,
Girl Names That Mean Bad Luck,
Articles P