tulare county ccw shooting requirements

The exception to this is Rhode Island which requires you to shoot at 25 yards for the shooting test. The determination whether to issue the license is at the discretion of the licensing authority. In addition, the Weapon Proficiency Qualificationrequirement is:a minimum 50% of rounds from a single full magazine or cylinder to hit a target from a distance of 7 yards. At 10 yards or 30 feet, the target will be very small visually. I hope everyone is with me so far. All classes require an 80% passing score on the range. EverydayCarryConcealed.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. tulare county ccw shooting requirements. Located in Porterville, we also service the following cities: Visalia, Tulare . Growing up the son of a Marine, I was raised to be prepared and adaptable to overcome life's challenges. This total cost may include the following: A $44 state fee A licensing authority fee of up to $120 (20% collected at the time of application and 80% collected once issued) Prices of the required classes Fingerprints The source of this information can be found here. You can get them from the sheriffs websiteor directly from the sheriffs office in Visalia or Porterville. at varying shooting distances as a point of reference. Concealed Carry (CCW) First Time Application . Once you complete the online portion of your course you must then at your availability attend the range qualification portion of your initial class. Additional information can be found by visiting the Alaska legislative library. If you are new to shooting, I highly recommend you hit your local shooting range with an experience friend or family member to walk you through safe range conduct. However, be aware that instructors require you to pass the shooting exam in 3 tries or you have to wait 90 days before re-testing. This site (EverydayCarryConcealed.com) is owned and operated by Graphite Designs LLC, a limited liability company headquartered in Virginia, USA. is it okay to take melatonin after covid vaccine. California Penal Code sections 26150 and 26155 provide that a Sheriff of a county or the Chief or other head of municipal police department of any city, or city and county , may issue a license to carry a pistol . Obtain a CCW Application Packet . CCW Add/Replace a Firearm Carry Concealed Weapon (CCW) License Amendment: Adding a Firearm . Tulare County Sheriffs Department Policy (period requested: current as of July 27, 2016), Tulare County Sheriffs Department Sample CCW License. Please input information as it shows on your ID or DRIVERS LICENSE. Tulare County and various other agency requirements for training. You will be provided a checklist. However, I needed to rely on the shooting requirements from a CWP course to fill out the exact progression for the shooting test. Applicants for a concealed carry cannot complete the shooting test with a .22lr pistol and then carry a .45 ACP handgun. We are happy to certify your Arizona permit, at no extra charge, whenever you are taking one of our California CCW classes. Required fields are marked *. However, there appears to be no time limit for the total shooting test or between individual shots. Additionally, youll want to practice timed shots if your state requires it as part of the testing criteria. RANGE HOURS. The State of Florida will generally honor our renewal and initial class format as proof of training. Dynamic Drills & Fundamentals-Carbine/Rifle, Intro To Competition Shooting & Shooting Sports. Please make an appointmentif possible to expedite your visit. A few states have online CCW classes with no range time. This convenient Kern County Sheriffs Department approved online course features: Local agencies require those applicants who have been approved for a concealed weapons permit, to complete a one day course of instruction. 54; 4.2. . Similar to other states on the list, Louisiana uses the B-27 target as the standard. In California, the Sheriff and his staff are required to follow strict state and local guidelines when performing the necessary background checks for issuing Concealed Carry Weapon licenses. The shooting test is conducted by firing 5 rounds at 3 yards with one hand. Complete sections 1 through 5. Details Price I work Security and hope to transition to armed in the next few months. 2. Additionally, the maximum distance that can be used for evaluation is 15 yards. This course covers subjects which include the legal, moral and ethical issues regarding the use of a firearm for self defense, range qualification, and firearms safety. New Mexico is one of the few places, where the caliber of the gun used during an exam matters. Students must qualify each gun . Cost is $65, bring all the guns you want on your permit and enough ammo to shoot each gun at least twice. Each county is a little bit different in what they require. 833 S Akers Contrarily, El Dorado County sheriff requires applicants to fire 30 rounds with 80% accuracy. Meet Danny Wells. 4 hours Tulare County CCW Classes - 4 hour Classroom and Shooting Instruction -Renewal Only 4 hours @ $65.00 This is an renewal CCW permit class for Tulare County residents. Living Here . You can apply for a new application, renew your current application or change the address associated with your application. (AB 1297)2020 Penal Code 26150 (a) When a person applies for a license to carry a pistol, revolver, or other firearm capable of being concealed upon the person, the sheriff of a county may issue a license to that person upon proof of all of the There are also fees for fingerprint scans and firearm classes that can work out to $300 for a 2 year permit. Gaining competency with firearms is like learning to drive a car or fly an airplane. Here's what you should know. Archived. Provides useful knowledge about Tulare County Sheriff's Office Ccw Renewal and related to help you refresh body and mind. If you have a good instructor, he or she will explain the application process from start to finish. Pistol practice target (10 in. (Instructors may have shooters fire all rounds at 7 yards) 732, Sec. 2. Our Conceal Carry Weapon (CCW) training conforms to the new 2021 California DOJ and Tulare County requirements of 4 hours Classroom, and 4 hours of practical qualification with your firearms. All Rights Reserved. Tulare County Sheriff's Headquarters 833 S. Akers St. Visalia, CA 93277 +1(559)802-9400 +1(559)740-4450; sheriffpio@tularecounty.ca.gov . COURSE OF FIRE REQUIREMENTS. Although Texas has a bit of a reputation when it comes to guns, their concealed carry exam is no joke and probably the most intense to perform. There is no shortcut. 101 MEMORIAL DRIVE. However, students are still expected to hit the target with 18 of 25 rounds fired. Incident Date: 2-18-16. Course includes CCW lesson plan, Tulare County Sheriff's Office live fire requirements and AB 2103 compliance. 559-782-9650, Tulare County Sheriffs Headquarters Wood, LLC Security Training. Finally, practice shooting at least 2 successive rounds at 7 yards to ensure you will pass your shooting test. Letterdated 2016-8-26 clarifying requested information. June 17, 2022 8:00 am . . Related products. Finally, the target is moved back to 7 yards and again requires varied shot timing and quantities. Gallardo Firearms Training has experienced, top level, and passionate instructors. We routinely train students from as far south as Tulare County and as far north as Siskiyou County. They also enjoy varied outdoor recreational opportunities as the terrain . You will start out at 3 yards. 25-50 rounds for primary gun (recommended). Conceal carry rules and regulations, Safe Gun Handling, Ammo considerations, choosing a carry gun, holsters, methods of carrying . Again, the shooting distances for qualification are 3, 7, and 10 yards but require a different course for fire and utilizes the B-27 target. If you have found this information helpful, please share with your networks. Furthermore, the concealed carry distance qualification is perfomed at at 3 yards for 15 shots and 7 yards for 10 shots. City: Tulare. P.O. 100-150 rounds required, pistol, 2-3 magazines (if mags hold less than 10 bring more if you have them), outside the waist band holster, and at least one magazine pouch, but two preferred. Ch. Sheriff's Detention Center 200 E Hackett Road Modesto CA 95358 Phone: 209-525-5630 Fax: 209-567-4444. The following businesses have been approved to offer the CCW classes and qualifications with your weapon(s). 12/18/22. So, where does one get the application, and reference list? You need expert instruction and practice. The process for obtaining a concealed carry permit differs from state to state. Although some states do require you to prove proficiency with a handgun, not all states require live fire exercises as part of their concealed carry qualification. Although in-person training may not culminate in a demonstration of shooting accuracy, other actions must be performed to meet course requirements. Be aware that if the bullet misses or completely passes through the target, it could strike a person or object. Merced County 2222 M Street Merced, CA 95340 Phone: (209) 385-7434. The phone number is (559) 600-8515. Tulare is a friendly county; you should feel free to apply using a self-defense variant. $44 (varies by county) $150 to $250. Learning the laws regulating the use of firearms is a must for responsible ownership. Street Safe Defense Firearms Training Program. AboutPressCopyrightContact. Luis Obispo County Sheriff in order to apply for a CCW permit. Additionally, students must complete a reload of the handgun at each distance interval. Below are some examples of this general rule: Delaware: 100 rounds Idaho: 98 rounds Michigan: 30 rounds South Dakota: 98 Rounds (for enhanced permit) Concealed Carry Shooting Requirements By State If a reschedule is necessary, be sure to call 48 hours in advance. However, I was able to piece together some of the requirements. Sometimes, live fire instruction concludes with a proof of competency exam (the shooting test). If you have additional information on states not listed please leave a comment so that others might benefit! North Carolina is less specific about the type of target and only lists bullseye or silhouette as the type of target used. Charges will be viewable prior to transaction completion. Tulare County Sheriffs Police Activities League, Deputy Buzzbee and the Board of Supervisors. Quote: Originally Posted by pkbirdog Rojas was booked into custody at the Tulare County Adult Pre-Facility for attempted murder. Sheriff's deputies patrol on boats at Lake Kaweah and Lake Success. Many of my friends and family are former or active duty military, and I have consulted with them on many of the topics I cover in this blog over the years. If you're planning on buying ammunition don't be surprised if there are a few extra steps when you get ready to pay. This is an renewal CCW permit class for TULARE COUNTY residents ONLY. Obtain a CCW Application Packet . Therefore, you must master sight alignment, sight picture, and recoil management to pass. Thank you. 233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 4700 Chicago, Il 60606, Posted by: Media Relations. Contact your local sheriff's office to get a permit. They were identical; and here is the breakdown: However, you can pass without ever having to fire a single shot at the 15 yard distance if you score appropriately at the 3 and 7 yard shooting distances. First, applicants must complete the live-fire exercise using a handgun chambered in a caliber equal to or larger than the one they intend to carry. Assembly bill 2103 also requires the CCW course of training to include instruction on firearm handling, shooting technique, and to include a demonstration, by the applicant, of shooting proficiency and safe handling of each firearm the applicant will be licensed to carry. CCW Vance Wedeking, DOJ/POST certified 559-512-0845 CentralValleyCCW@gmail.com John H. Threadgill 559-936-1129 Jthreadgill7@live.com Jeff Davis . Dynamic Drills & Fundamentals-Carbine/Rifle, Intro To Competition Shooting & Shooting Sports. Fax (559) 802-9538, The process really is that simple but lets take you step by step. This does not including a round in the firing chamber.Half of the total bullets (or 50%) from one full magazine or one full cylinder must hit the target from at least the seven (7) yard mark.There will be no time requirement to discharge rounds or move through the exercise.There will be no drawing or holstering requirement as there is no mandate for CCW holders to holster firearms.Students must qualify with each firearm they wish to conceal and carry.Station 1) Full magazine or cylinder from 7 yards at 50% success Evidence of current military service or proof of honorable discharge or general discharge under honorable conditions from the United States armed forces. IMTT Ridgecrest California, Map and Directions | Register. In Tulare County, the Sheriff has established new CCW class requirements of 4 hours of Classroom and 4 hours at the Shooting Range. Please check out our website: https://powersfirearmstraining.com/5 Dogs Range: http://5dogsrange.com/Tulare County Sheriff CCW minimum qualification course:In order to certify a certain handgun, the student must fire the maximum amount of rounds the weapon holds. For states like Florida and Arizona that just require proof of training, you will need a copy of your latest certificate from your Defensive Handgun course. Now it is very important to note that you must have a car registration, or a utility bill (gas, water, trash, electric bill, etc.) Additionally, Illinois requires the use of a B-27 silhouette target and shooters must shoot with 70% accuracy or better. This does not including a round in the firing chamber. center. The test is administered by DOJ Certified Instructors, who are often located at firearms dealerships. Sheriff Mike Boudreaux & the Tulare County Sheriff's Office is proud to release, our new mobile interactive app available on both, Tulare County Sheriff's Headquarters Documentation for the Illinois concealed carry shooting test is fairly descriptive. There are no more paper applications, all CCW applications must be done online or via the Tulare County Sheriffs App (search TCSO on the App store, and its the second one down). The legal limit is $100. Absent a CCW, it is a crime to carry either a loaded or an unloaded firearm in public, regardless of whether the weapon is concealed or openly carried. Points are awarded for hitting the target (4 per hit, 0 for miss). Contributions to CGRF are generally tax-deductible.Our federal IRS ID no. There will be no time requirement to discharge rounds or move through the exercise. January 10, 2020 10:58 AM. TIM SAXON, SHERIFF-CORONER. (760)342-5127. Upon completion of your application, you are required to pay online for the application initiation fee. Tulare County Ccw Renewal Online Get link; Facebook; Twitter; Pinterest; Email; Other Apps; April 28, 2021 Tulare County Ccw Renewal Online Give it is made in store any revenue you need to help to arrival in tulare county to receive quality aging and renewal online experience . Below Ive outlined the course of fire for the Arkansas Enhanced permit shooting test, which covers 3, 7, and 15 yards. P.O. Permits are issued by the county sheriff's office. Good cause is difficult to prove unless you are applying for the license as part of a job. Concealed Weapon Permits are issued to normal everyday people in a number of cities and counties in California. Dometic Dm2652 Parts List, In fact, you cannot qualify with by shooting smaller than .32 caliber. CCW Permit Office. 44901 Golf Center Pkwy, Ste. During the live-fire portion of the class a student must demonstrate safe operation of the gun as well as shooting proficiency. You will have to shoot 10 total rounds with a mandatory reload. Tulare County Sheriff CCW minimum qualification course: in order to certify a certain handgun, I was nervous about the recoil from two guns that are of nuclear gauge and caliber that workshop have shied away from. tulare county ccw shooting requirements. Generally classroom time of at least 8 hours and some range time is required. The basic California CCW class consists of the ccw history, safety, firearms use and techniques, laws,gun security, the use of firearms in public, after shooting incident behaviors and responses, resiprocity and carry methods. As Sheriff of Tulare County it is my pleasure to welcome you to our web site where we also strive to improve our communication in the technological world. On Jan. 16, Mayor Lee Brand and some council members will attempt to enact an ordinance requiring law-abiding citizens with Concealed Carry Weapon (CCW) permits to remove their concealed weapons before entering the building as is allowed by state law. Tulare County Sheriff CCW minimum qualification course: In order to certify a certain handgun, the student must fire the maximum amount of rounds the weapon holds. However, live fire instruction can vary from one teacher to another. This course requires a minimum of fifty rounds from the carry gun. This includes the aforementioned B-27 target. Gallardo Firearms Training - Porterville CA. States That DO NOT Require A Live Fire Exam, Concealed Carry Shooting Requirements By State, California Concealed Carry Shooting Distances, Illinois Qualification Distance & Accuracy, Kansas Live Fire Shooting Distance Requirements, Minnesota Concealed Carry Qualification Distance, Missouri Distance Qualification & Accuracy Requirements, New Mexico Distance Qualification & Other Requirements, North Carolina Shooting Test Requirements, South Carolina Concealed Carry Distance Qualification, Texas Shooting Test Distance & Course Of Fire, Concealed Carry Distance Qualification Practice, How To Concealed Carry For The Most States, South Dakota: 98 Rounds (for enhanced permit). randy white sysco aaca membership roster tulare county ccw shooting requirements. A concealed weapons permit (or CCW) is the only means by which ordinary citizens may legally carry firearms in public in California. You may obtain an Arizona CCW application via their website: http://www.azdps.gov/Services/Concealed_Weapons/Contact/, Our Fee: NO FEE if you are certifying for a Renewal or Initial CCW class. (CCW applications, document requests, Livescan fingerprinting etc). The County was reapportioned to create all of parts of 11 other counties giving rise to the nickname the "Mother of Counties." Concealed Weapons Permit Information (CCW) 2101 Hurley Way Sacramento, CA 95825 916-874-8450 (office phone) email: ccw@sacsheriff.com Due to COVID -19, all persons entering the building at 2101 Hurley Way, Sacramento, CA, are required to possess a facial mask that covers the nose and mouth in the event that masks are required. Class satisfies requirements by the State of California for Fresno County Sheriff, Hanford Police Department, Kings County Sheriff, Tulare County Sheriff & non-resident Arizona applications for a CCW Permit. Also, prior to issuance of a Concealed Carry Weapon license, an 4-hour firearms training course must be completed. Applicants are required to shoot from a distance of 7 yards for the Missouri shooting exam. tulare county ccw shooting requirementsnatural fibrin removalnatural fibrin removal Lord Kitchener Family Tree, For Coupons, Giveaways, and Free Games to play with your family, advantages of filipino nurses working abroad, is it okay to take melatonin after covid vaccine, memorial funeral home hopewell va obituaries, how many cars were destroyed in the a team, largest auto parts distributors in europe, nepali heart touching status in nepali language, 233 South Wacker Drive, Suite 4700 Chicago, Il 60606. how do i fight a traffic ticket in california? There is a lot of information about the shooting test for each state. 0. The range portion of the class is, philosophically speaking, more of a training approach and less of a qualification mandate. Clicking the "e911" link below will open your email program directly to the Sheriff's Dept. Great question! california penal code section 12050 states in part that the ccw applicant must provide good cause which is defined as a convincing evidence of a clear and present danger to life, or of great bodily harm to the applicant, his/her spouse, or dependent child, which cannot be adequately dealt with by existing law enforcement resources, and which Identify the target and make sure it is what you intend to shoot. Must already possess a CCW permit in Kern County, California. This class is 4-6 hours in length and meets the requirements set forth by the DOJ. On Tuesday, Tulare County Sheriff Mike Boudreaux posted a tweet on Twitter encouraging people to get a carry concealed permit. Course covers the 5 principles of the law of self defense, defense of others & property, interacting with law enforcement and the legal responsibility of carrying a concealed weapon. For instance, some states require no proof of competency with a handgun while others require both classroom and live-fire instruction. Madera County - $90.00. These will be the minimum standards set forth by the Sheriff's Office in order to provide a community You must bring your own firearm, ammunition, and ear protection. After graduating from high school 1964 and attending one semester of college, I joined the U.S. Air Force in 1965. Also, the class certificate is honored by the Sheriff for 90 days after taking the class. According to the definitedefense.com website a total of 50 rounds are used during assessment. Ventura County Sheriff's Office - CCW Unit 1st Floor, Sheriff's Annex 800 S. Victoria Ave. Ventura, CA 93009 2. Renewal permits require proof of residency along with a 4-hour firearms training course. As a California resident you may obtain an Arizona permit, and you do not have to travel to Arizona in order to take a class nor to submit your application for a carry permit from Arizona. . Description: *** This Course CA CCW Renewal 4HR Training Requirements*** TULARE AND SURROUNDING COUNTY 4 HOUR CALIFORNIA CCW RENEWAL COURSE. For most it's beneficial to take the First-Time 8 hour CCW Training & Safety Course prior to applying, ( Shooting required ). Other agencies have different rules regarding applying for the permit, you should check with your agency regarding this process. Once your Application is complete you can make an appointment or walk in to either the Visalia or Porterville Location, and complete the live scan and photo. Course covers the 5 principles of the law of self defense, defense of others & property, interacting with law enforcement and the legal responsibility of carrying a concealed weapon. Click the appropriate button on the left of the screen to proceed with an application for a Concealed Carry Weapon license. Letter dated 2016-8-26 clarifying requested information. A total of 5 rounds must be fired from 3, 5, and 7 yards. Please let us know at check-in that you wish an Arizona certification. Location: Bakersfield, Kern County, California Shooting Range: To Be Determined. mcdonald's shooting 1984 victims 0. . Not to be outdone by other states, Maryland requires that those seeking a concealed handgun permit prove their ability to shoot with an extensive shooting test. Bishop / Tulare County / Inyo County area. Recommended 50 rounds for primary gun and 20 rounds . You may be charged up to $25 for an FSC. Utah and Florida CCW Class 4 Hours This course meets the requirements for non-residents of Utah and Florida to obtain a CCW permit that is accepted in up to 32 states. The test consists of firing 30 rounds, and shooters are allotted 10 minutes per 10 rounds fired. A valid current or expired concealed weapon, firearm or handgun permit or license that is issued by another state or a political subdivision of another state and that has a training or testing requirement for initial issuance. The total cost to obtain a CCW permit in California is anywhere from $200 to $300. Tulare County Sheriffs Police Activities League; Surveys; Sheriff's TipNow Program . BOX 1119. 6 Indio, CA 92201. The changes include: City . I further understand that if my application is approved and I am issued a license to carry a concealed weapon, that the license is subject to restrictions placed upon it and that misuse of the license will cause an automatic revocation and possible arrest and that the license may also be suspended . A passing score of 75% within center mass will apply for this as well. Firearm: a reliable handgun either pistol or revolver (loaner firearms are available upon request) Ammunition: 100 rounds (minimum) Magazines/Speed loaders: 2 magazines/speed loaders are required; Eye and Ear protection: "loaners" are available . State law allows for a person to be issued a concealed carry . All required documents must be uploaded on the online application. Porterville Patrol Substation So, whether it's setting up and maintaining your EDC bag, laws on concealed carry, or refining your medical kit we tackle the hard questions. by Mike V. | Concealed Carry, Legislation and Politics. 333 University Ave, Suite 200, Sacramento, CA 95825, United States. how do i breed a triple rainbow dragon? American Firearms Training And Consulting LLC. 7. Tulare County Sheriff's Department Policy (period requested: current as of July 27, 2016) 3. However, the time limit seems to represent a reasonable amount of time to complete the exercise.. The source of this information is the Illinois legislative library. The process really is that simple but let's take you step by step. We are happy to offer our assistance with the California CCW application process at no charge to you. Range activities proceed slowly and we spend time working on skill building activities in order to help you feel confident in handling your firearm. BRYAN WARD, UNDERSHERIFF. County CCW Info Overview CCW Info by County Important Docs. Proudly powered by, Concealed Carry (CCW) First Time Application, http://www.azdps.gov/Services/Concealed_Weapons/Contact/, Opportunity to complete the course from the privacy of your home or office, Course is completed at your comfortable pace, Short tests at most segments help solidify the learning experience, Once the online course is completed, you then schedule your range qualification (see available, For range qualification, please bring all of the firearms you wish to list on your permit and a sufficient number of rounds of ammunition to meet your agency qualifications, eye/ear protection and a holster or case for the gun, Registration and payment is simple and easy to do through the, Firearm: a reliable handgun either pistol or revolver (loaner firearms are available, Magazines/Speed loaders: 2 magazines/speed loaders are required, Eye and Ear protection: loaners are available at class. However, the training requirements do not mention shot timing, handgun type, or caliber specifications for the shooting exam. With no incorporated cities (or stop lights), people either live in rural areas or in one of our many charming communities. Through their investigation, Detectives identified the shooter as 24-year-old Anthony Rojas of Madera. All classes require an 80% passing score on the range. An FSC is valid for five years. CCW Training Tulare County - Gallardo Firearms Training Porterville, CA Upcoming Classes & Events 4 Mar 9:00 am Intro to IDPA Competition Shooting 4 Mar 1:00 pm Dynamic Drills & Fundamentals-Carbine/Rifle 10 Mar 5:30 pm Gallardo Farms Low Light Pistol 2.0 Load More View All Our Classes & Events View Now Stay Informed About News & Classes The Texas concealed carry distance qualification is only rivaled by the Arkansas Enhanced Permit shooting test. Event Phone: 530-215-6558. Tulare county ccw tracker. The CCW application packet consists of written instructions, FAQ's, a list of authorized CCW class instructors, Request for Live Scan Service form, and the California DOJ Standard Application for License to Carry a Concealed Weapon (CCW). NEW TULARE COUNTY CCW WEBSITE AND PROCESS ***** PLEASE NOTE THIS IS STILL BEING FINALIZED AND SOME INFO IS INCORRECT***** CLASSES ARE STILL 4 HOURS FOR NEW AND RENEWAL STILL ONLY A 2 YEAR CCW,. CCW . State of Utah CCW; State of Arizona CCW . Tulare County Sheriffs Department Policy (period requested: current as of July 27, 2016), 3. More detailed information about the shooting progression and course of fire can be found here and scrolling to the Basic Practical Handgun Course section. dale's restaurant menu; gender studies oxford; 2003 dodge ram 1500 throttle body problems; blink camera recording storage Located in the heart of California's Central Valley, Rankin Field Weapons Range is the hidden jewel of Tulare! Additionally, the concealed carry shooting requirements can vary greatly by quantity of ammunition fired, target type, shooting test timing, and even handgun caliber. Additionally, the concealed carry distance qualification is performed at 3, 5, and 7 yards using a B-27 target. Visalia, CA 93277, Office Hours: 8 AM - 5 PM, Monday - Friday If youve made it this far without abandoning the page I applaud you. Check in opens at 8:30am. Sheriff Boudreaux with one of two new Cessna aircraft for the Sheriff's Office.

Nick Loeb Anna Pettersson, Tulsa Talons Roster, Hempstead, Ny Crime, Colin Dunlap Mark Madden, Articles T