three kings day in puerto rico
Newsletter powered by Mailchimp (Privacy PolicyandTerms). Here's how you can celebrate Three Kings Day and learn about its religious meaning. 00907 By implementing strategies like establishing a clear chain of command and encouraging teamwork and collaboration, you can overcome these challenges and lead your team to success. Operations in St. John and St. Thomas are operating at full capacity on January 6. For more information about the Postal Service, go to usps.com and usps.com/postalfacts. Turning off the personalized advertising setting wont stop you from seeing Etsy ads or impact Etsy's own personalization technologies, but it may make the ads you see less relevant or more repetitive. The best of all? https://www.tripsavvy.com/three-kings-day-in-puerto-rico-1621950, (787)722-5058 There was a problem subscribing you to this newsletter. Postal customers should expare advised to expect: Postal officials also provide the following update on postal services that are being provided in alternate locations across Puerto Rico: Effective immediately, the Aguada Post Office, serving ZIP Code 00602, resumes operations at 5 Avenue Ativo Alers. Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Nia abatida por una supuesta bala perdida en Nochevieja muere en un hospital puertorriqueo", "Puerto Rican Official, Public and National Holidays", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_holidays_in_Puerto_Rico&oldid=1140451170, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from July 2017, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Etsy uses cookies and similar technologies to give you a better experience, enabling things like: Detailed information can be found in Etsys Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy and our Privacy Policy. The tradition of celebrating three kings day spread to Latin America with Spanish and Portuguese colonization. Etsys 100% renewable electricity commitment includes the electricity used by the data centers that host Etsy.com, the Sell on Etsy app, and the Etsy app, as well as the electricity that powers Etsys global offices and employees working remotely from home in the US. The Three Kings are traditionally known as Caspar, Melchior and Balthazar. Its a place where beach lovers, celebrities, night owls, luxury travelers and foodies come together to experience Puerto Ricos top restaurants and activities. Below is a Google Map that shows the Condados Lagoon location: Condado is filled with boutiques that sell international and local luxury brands. bookings@canariolagoonhotel.com The celebration of the Epiphany began in the Eastern Church and included a celebration of Christ's birth. Swimming in Playita del Condado is a great way to start the morning. Use them in commercial designs under lifetime, perpetual & worldwide rights. Old San Juan throws an annual festival at the Luis Muoz Marn Park with live music, food and drink, with free gifts given out to lucky kids. In bustling San Juan, explore the Old City and visit the Museum of Puerto Rican Art. Heres a closer look. This type of data sharing may be considered a sale of information under California privacy laws. If youre visiting Condado in a rental car, then consider private parking prices in your budget. Keep in mind that anyone can view public collectionsthey may also appear in recommendations and other places. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Global Voices is supported by the efforts of our volunteer contributors, foundations, donors and mission-related services. It is the visit of a witch rather than kings which is the focus of festivities. Captcha failed to load. Also now in effect, customers of the Cappara Heights Station, serving ZIP Code 00968, are directed to the San Juan Main Office Window Service, at 585 FD Roosevelt. There is a mobile unit in front of the building for retail transactions like stamp sales, package acceptance and money orders. Used with permission. He founded the Partido Popular Democrtico and was instrumental in establishing the Commonwealth status in 1952. The neighborhood is home to popular hotels such as the Condado Vanderbilt Hotel, La Concha Renaissance Resort, and the San Juan Marriott Resort & Stellaris Casino. It is a religious holiday that is also celebrated However, by the 4th century AD, the various calendar reforms had moved the birth of Christ to December 25th and the church in Rome began celebrating January 6th as Epiphany. The one is Juana Diaz is actually the most popular one with a caravan that drives past various towns, and cities. When it comes to eating, the restaurants in Condado are on the higher side of the budget. The three kings day is a public holiday in Puerto Rico which is celebrated on the 6th of January. But, you can also check out the casino at the San Juan Marriott Resort. As a local, Ive been to Condado hundreds of times and I can tell you that you should definitely visit! Have you ever celebrated El Da de Los Tres Reyes? At home, children are still on break from school and spend the day with their families, just like Christmas. Below is a Google Maps that shows beaches in and nearby Condado: If you love trying your luck in blackjack, Russian roulettes, and poker, try visiting one of the two casinos in Condado. Puerto Ricans have been, A Commonwealth of Puerto Rico official holiday. Original Price EUR 23.01 Although illegal. Before the Promesa around 60 people used to attendthe centre, but sincethe celebrations began itattracts up to 400 or 500 parishioners, bearing their figurines of the Kings and, above all, opening their heartsto the spirituality of this popular tradition. And in the afternoon, most travelers relax at Ventana al Mar, an outdoor park. He was a noted journalist and poet, and served four terms as governor. Most schools, colleges, and universities give the complete week as a recess to students. On the night Christ was born, the were drawn by a mysterious light which became a star that hung in the western sky. On this day, the festivities and parades are held throughout the whole Puerto Rico. A federal and commonwealth official holiday. Please Note: For broadcast quality video and audio, photo stills and other media resources, visit the USPS Newsroom at about.usps.com/news/welcome.htm. A statue of the kings greets you when you enter the town, and also adorns the main plaza. On the eve of Three Kings Day, children may go outside and pick up grass and put it in a shoebox under their beds, and then to sleep with the hope that presents would replace the vegetation. The tradition of celebrating three kings day can be traced back to Europe, where it was originally known as Twelfth Night. Original Price EUR 27.18 In some cases, live animals may also be present, such as camels or donkeys. 151 Calle de San Francisco Here's how you can celebrate Three Kings Day and learn about its religious meaning Making sense of the financials of Coca-Cola, Keurig Dr Pepper, and PepsiCo can be daunting. This is a Commonwealth of Puerto Rico official holiday. Only a few locations in Denmark still celebrate the evening with a procession where people in fancy dress and go from house to house. Traditionally the Kings leave presents under the children's beds. Etsy is powered by 100% renewable electricity. What h, The Puerto Rico Capitol (Capitolio), a historical, This is the kind of video every parent wants on th, Playing dominoes is a long standing tradition in t, Imagine you're floating on the lagoon on a paddleb, You give love, youll get it back, and today, 10 Facts People Get Wrong About Puerto Rico. Until June 30, 2014, there were 19 public holidays in Puerto Rico. La Concha Renaissance Resort boasts beautiful pools and a unique-looking interior patio perfect for relaxing. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Luis Muoz Marn (18981980), was the first democratically elected governor of Puerto Rico. For reporters interested in speaking with a regional Postal Service public relations professional, please go to about.usps.com/news/media-contacts/usps-local-media-contacts.pdf. The origins of Three Kings Day can be traced back to the Bible. Three Kings Day is celebrated in Puerto Rico on January 6th in honor of the Three Wise Men who visited the baby Jesus. Magi parade in this southern town has over 135 years of history. Celebrations in Puerto Rico often include parades, with three men dressed as the Wise Men, and music and dancing. All post offices, deliveries and collections resume on their regular schedules on Monday across the Caribbean. Juana Diaz also features the world's only thematic museum of the Three Kings showcasing its century-old tradition. (Traditionally, youll find carvings and artwork of the three kings on horses instead of camels; thats because the country folk in years past didnt know what a camel was. Epiphany is celebrated on 6 January in Puerto Rico to commemorate the journey of the magi, or wise men, who followed a shining star to visit the infant Jesus as recorded in the Bible. As you travel east in Europe, water plays a more important in Epiphany celebrations with the throwing of a wooden cross into the sea to see who can recover it first a common tradition in Greece and Bulgaria. Original Price EUR 19.18 At IBA, we are happy to keep this tradition alive and celebrate this day in the homes of Puerto Rican families as well as those from other Hispanic countries. The story of the three Kings, Melchor, Gaspar, and Baltazar, has its origin in the stories of Jesus' birth. Though overshadowed by falling so soon after Christmas, Epiphany is one of the three major Christian celebrations along with Christmas and Easter. In this blog post, we'll take a look at gross profit margin, operating income margin, operating cash flow, and return on equity for Coca-Cola, Keurig Dr Pepper, and PepsiCo. This is why the Christmas holiday in Puerto Rico is known for being one of the longest in the world. Learn more. Original Price EUR 81.47 By the morning of January 6th, the grass magically turns into presents. The followed this sign to Bethlehem, where they arrived (a little late) to honor Christs birth. WebThree Kings Day Puerto Rico Stock Photos, Pictures & Royalty-Free Images - iStock Search from Three Kings Day Puerto Rico stock photos, pictures and royalty-free images from iStock. [4], Navidad In this blog post, we'll explore how to uncover the stories of these brave men and women. Take full advantage of our site features by enabling JavaScript. Slavery was abolished in Puerto Rico in 1873 while the Island was still a colony of. Today's Puerto Rico texture is cannonballs. In Puerto Rico, Three Kings Day is a major holiday that is celebrated with parades, parties, and special food. On Three Kings Day, expect parades and festivals, a time of family gatherings and parties with a more spiritual bent. Unauthorized use is prohibited. At the end of the Twelve Days of Christmas comes a day called the Epiphany, or Three Kings Day. This holiday is celebrated as the day the three wise men first saw baby Jesus and brought him gifts. On this day in Spain, many children get their Christmas presents. Dr. Jos Celso Barbosa (18571921) was a medical doctor and an early advocate of statehood, founder of the Republican Party on the Island. Below is a Google Maps that shows the location of popular boutiques in Condado: If youre a party lover, you can choose between dozens of lounges and bars in Condado to get loose. In Puerto Rico, this day is celebrated with special food, music, and activities. However, by understanding a few key financial ratios, you can get a better picture of the overall health of these companies. Cartier, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Salvatore Ferragamo, Furla, and Hellmuth are among the brands present in Condados boutiques. In Puerto Rico, it is believed that the three wise men were actually kings from different parts of the world. When y, It's true! Share! WebDownload Puerto Rico Three Kings stock photos. WebCheck out our three kings puerto rico selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops. Below is a video that shows Condados restaurants: Below is a Google Maps that shows the location of some of the top restaurants in Condado: If youre looking for something fun to do you can try out taking a class in Condado. (30% off), Keep collections to yourself or inspire other shoppers! A federal and commonwealth official holiday, usually observed at the, A Commonwealth of Puerto Rico official holiday. In religious use, the term means the appearance of an invisible divine being in a visible form. It extends through Jan. 6the 12th day of Christmaswhich is known as El Da de Los Reyes or Three Kings Day. For a more lively experience, visit Calle Loiza or Placita de Santurce. Today, countries all over Latin America celebrate three kings day with their own unique traditions and activities. January 05, 2018. We translate Global Voices stories to make the world's citizen media available to everyone. In fact, the 12 Days of Christmas, which is so often believed to end on December25, actuallybeginson the 25th and runs through January 6, culminating with the Feast of Epiphany, or The Adoration of the Magi., Three Kings Day, or Epiphany, is one of the most important holidays on the Puerto Rican calendar. Party enthusiasts will find multiple bars, casinos, and night pubs open until late in Condado. Free or royalty-free photos and images. Slovakia | English (US) | (EUR), remembering account, browser, and regional preferences, remembering privacy and security settings, personalized search, content, and recommendations, helping sellers understand their audience, showing relevant, targeted ads on and off Etsy, remember your login, general, and regional preferences, personalize content, search, recommendations, and offers. Stop and think for a second. Submitted addresses will be confirmed by email, and used only to keep you up to date about Global Voices and our mission. The next morning, the house is filled with joy with children enjoying their gifts. In Puerto Rico, the three kings day is also known as the "Day of the Epiphany" or "Dia de los Reyes Magos". Your best nightlife options are AC Rooftop Bar, the Eter Rooftop & Lounge, and Red Coral Lounge. The person claims the Saints and makes the commitment to pay a promise for a granted favor. Here is a quick rundown of the best attractions in Condado for you: In Condado, families can enjoy Playita del Condado, a small natural pool located right after Puente Dos Hermanos. How much time do you need in Condado? Plaza Las Nereidas, Plaza Antonia Quinones, and Parque del Indio are other popular parks in the area. How much does it cost to visit Condado? When the candles thus go out, it symbolises the end of Christmas. This is the most solemn day of the whole year on the island. Those partners may have their own information theyve collected about you. Join in local celebrations of the New Year and Three Kings Day the Epiphany and survey the variety of regional music, art, folklore and cuisine across the island. The cake is typically bought in a boulangerie and made of puff pastry with an almond filling. See our best hotels in Puerto Rico guide to find which from Condado are on the list. Some people believe that Three Kings Day originated in Puerto Rico, while others believe that it originated in Spain. Great! However, the previous evening, Twelfth Night, is celebrated in some homes by burning a special Twelfth Night candle with three wicks. This is similar to Christmas in that presents are exchanged between loved ones. On January 5th, children leave shoes or boots outside their homes in hopes that they will be filled with presents by the time they wake up on January 6th. In Puerto Rico, this day is celebrated with special food, music, and activities. This can be done either at home or in a public space, such as a park or plaza. EUR 18.93, EUR 21.04 It offers something for every type of tourist and it promises a fun-filled day for everyone. Dolma Irizarry describes it in a Facebook post as follows: La Promesa de Reyes es la costumbre de invocar a los Santos Reyes Melchor, Gaspar y Baltasar, para su intervencin en un momento de necesidad, para la solucin de alguna situacin que est fuera de su alcance. There is some evidence that the celebration of Three Kings Day may have originated in the Middle East or Europe. The AC Rooftop Bar, the Eter Rooftop & Lounge, and Red Coral Lounge are great hangout spots. All Rights Reserved. This site is licensed as Creative Commons Attribution 3.0. Noche Buena: Christmas Eve December 24Navidad: Christmas Day December 25Ao Viejo: New Years Eve December 31Ao Nuevo: New Years Day January 1Vspera de Reyes: Three Kings Eve January 5Da de Reyes: Three Kings Day January 6 Bergens Gingerbread Town (Pepperkakebyen), Krasna Malanka (Ukrainian New Years Eve), Bavaria Christmas & New Year's Eve Shooting, Christmas Market or Grand Market in Jamaica, Los Reyes Magos de Juana Diaz, Official website. Three Kings Day, also known as the Epiphany, is a Christian holiday that celebrates the story of the Three Wise Men who brought gifts to baby Jesus. If youre looking for a five-course meal, 1919 is a popular fine dining restaurant you cant miss in Condado. The day commemorates the The tradition of celebrating three kings day can be traced back to Europe, where it was originally known as Twelfth Night. Over time, the celebration of Epiphany became more secularized and incorporated elements from pagan winter solstice celebrations. Jan. 6 marks Three Kings Day, a holiday celebrated in most Latin American and Caribbean countries. View Etsys Privacy Policy. On Three Kings Day itself, families gather together for a large feast called La Fiesta de los Reyes Magos which includes dishes such as roasted pig (lechon), arroz con gandules (rice and pigeon peas), pasteles (pork and potato pies wrapped in banana leaves), and tembleque (coconut pudding). As my venerable colleague and About Christianity Guide, Mary Fairchild, explains, we dont know a whole lot about the Magi (which doesnt mean magic-trick magicians but rather a general term for astrologers, seers, and fortunetellers). Fiesta de Reyes was initiated in 1884 by a Spanish priest Father Valentn Echevarra. The Orthodox Church celebrates Epiphany on January 19th, though the festival commemorates the baptism of Jesus (explaining the water festivities) by John the Baptist rather than the visit of the Magi. Some of the technologies we use are necessary for critical functions like security and site integrity, account authentication, security and privacy preferences, internal site usage and maintenance data, and to make the site work correctly for browsing and transactions. It offers plenty of entertainment for couples, families, and even solo travelers. InPuerto Rico, as well as in other Latin American countries and Spain, January 6 is theDa de Reyesor Day of the Kings, a traditionwhich celebratesthe Epiphany theThree Kings or Wise Menvisiting the new born baby Jesus. But, if you just want to walk the area and explore it, you can do so on your own, without draining your budget with tours. Yes! Celebrations in Puerto Rico often include Image taken by Gildo Jess Pea Garca. The wooding carvings of saints is one of the oldest popular Puerto Rican traditions. You can change your preferences any time in your Privacy Settings. Epiphany is derived from the Greek word 'epiphaneia' and means manifestation. Set where you live, what language you speak, and the currency you use. Although Santa Claus keeps on being the strongest priority of parents and children when receiving Christmas gifts, the Three Kings Day in South America and the celebration of the festivity between the night of January the 5 th and January the 6 is a great day for their deep-rooted Catholic tradition. Want to know more? WebAt a Glance. It wasn't until about 500AD that three was accepted to be the standard number of wise men - the reasoning simply due to the number of gifts. Most visitors spend their time in Condado doing water sports at the lagoon, which can take between 2 and 3 hours. The most well-known thing about them, of course, is that they came bearing gifts: gold, frankincense, and myrrh. One of the most iconic landmarks in Condado is the Condado Lagoon. In the following Spanish-language video, you can watch the Promesa de Reyesbeing celebrated at a family homein the town of Aguadilla on the northeastern coast of Puerto Rico: While it was once just the most faithful of devotees who participated in thePromesas de Reyes,more and morecultural institutions are now getting involved with the festivities.Rather than just a gathering of friends and relatives, people who don't necessarily personally know the host might take part, deciding to join inwhetherto show solidarity or for the cultural value of the experience. Below is a video that shows a driving tour of Condado: Despite its appearance, anyone can stay at or visit Condado. For more information please read our Fundraising Ethics Policy. Some continue these parties as an extension of Christmas. No carrier or PO Box delivery service will be provided in Vieques, Culebra and Puerto Rico. Befana is an old soot-covered woman or witch who delivers presents to Italian children on the night before Epiphany. In Puerto Rico, these are also the names given to the three stars forming Orion's Belt, which They were likely to have been Zoroastrian Priests. It commemorates the episode from the Bible when three Magi or Three Wise Men visited newborn Jesus after his birth. Dia de Reyes is considered the oldest religious festival in Puerto Rico and perhaps even in the whole Central America. Where is Condado located? Find our lowest rates on our website ht, Yes it's time! Three Kings Day or Epiphany is celebrated by Roman Catholics on Jan. 6, as the culmination of the 12 days of Christmas. The distinct lack of Biblical detail hasn't stopped the Magi being counted, coronated, and christened - the traditional names of the three kings are Melchior, Caspar and Balthazar, who are said to represent Europe, Arabia, and Africa respectively. In the evening, families prepare a traditional dinner with family and friends. All businesses close. Copyright 2023 USPS. EUR 19.56, EUR 23.01 Did you know that the 12 days of Christmas dont actually begin until Christmas day? Postal customers should expare advised to expect: There will be no mail collection in Vieques, Culebra and Puerto Rico. Sign up to receive a weekly email update on forthcoming public holidays around the world in your inbox every Sunday. An official Commonwealth of Puerto Rico holiday. Three Kings Day is both a religious celebration and a cultural one, according to the National Museum of American History. The time you need to visit Condado will depend on what youre planning to do while visiting, but usually, a day is enough to explore the area. Traditionally, the island, and most of the Latin world, marked the When Im not inside typing letters on my laptop, Im out exploring the hidden treasures that Puerto Rico has to offer! Turning off personalized advertising opts you out of these sales. Learn more in our Privacy Policy., Help Center, and Cookies & Similar Technologies Policy. Da de Reyes, also called Three Kings Day or Epiphany, is almost as important as Christmas and is widely celebrated in Puerto Rico. From this base, the Three Kings travel around the island, but their stop inOld San Juanis the largest of the islands celebrations. Today, children typically get their main presents on the 25th, but theres always a smaller, humbler, and perhaps even more rewarding gift reserved for Three Kings Day. WebCondado is one of the nicest places to visit in Puerto Rico. Please read our attribution policy to learn about freely redistributing our work Some Rights Reserved, The Three Kings Is One of Puerto Rico's Most Loved Traditions, Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Puerto Rico y el Caribe, A deep dive: Young Jamaican climate activists collaborate to raise awareness of deep-sea mining, A true Trini has died, but her life should remind Trinbagonians how to be good citizens, After two long years, mas has come again in Trinidad and Tobago, The unspoken racism behind Peru's protests, People fleeing from Russia: We were deprived of home too, The impact of Chinas expanding footprint in Uzbekistans automobile industry. It is very common in the Promesa de Reyes for participants to bring figurines of the Three Kings, like those in the picture, to the ceremony. Sellers looking to grow their business and reach more interested buyers can use Etsys advertising platform to promote their items. This community mixes the best of the Caribbean vibe with the modern side of a city. Alguna lagrimita humedeci mis mejillas al escuchar, ya en la sala de recitales de la Fundacin y con los Tres Reyes sentados en el lateral izquierdo del escenario, los aguinaldos La luz de los Reyes, El cofre, Si me ven con flores y otros de estilos cultivados en las promesas que, desde el anonimato y como un legado hermoso e inigualable de la religiosidad popular borincana que dejan a sus hijos en un relevo perpetuo de nuestra cultura, idiosincrasia e identidad, an nuestros jbaros cantores entonan en los campos de Peuelas, Guayanilla, Yauco, San Germn y Maricao. EUR 19.03, EUR 27.18 These particular kings hail from Juana Daz, a town in the south of the island that is the unofficial hometown of the Magi. The holiday is associated with the traditional Christian feast day of Juana Daz, Plaza Pblica Romn Baldorioty de Castro (787-260-0817) Toa Alta, 1-7pm Plaza Pblica (787-870-2100) Toa Special thanks to our many sponsors and funders. Learn about and share in the New Years traditions of Puerto Rico. San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA - Jan. 2, 2018: Statues and decorations to celebrate the Three Kings` Day Epiphany in. SAN JUAN, PR All Post Offices in Puerto Rico including Vieques and Culebra will be closed on January 6th in observation of Three Kings Day. Send me exclusive offers, unique gift ideas, and personalized tips for shopping and selling on Etsy. [], If you want to be a successful leader, autocratic leadership may be the style you need to adopt. Visit the iconic Condado Lagoon for paddleboarding and kayaking experiences. The Three Kings are also a mainstay of Puerto Rican arts and crafts. Families may also set up a nativity scene and sing three-kings-related songs with their kids. In order to give you the best experience, we use cookies and similar technologies for performance, analytics, personalization, advertising, and to help our site function. Spectrum Surf School offers surfing classes in front of the Marriott hotel. Children in Puerto Rice will ask the Three Wise Men for presents just like those in the US ask Old Saint Nick for gifts. Sometime during the night, the Kings come quietly; and while their camels eat the grass, they leave the gifts in the empty boxes. The prices vary depending on the hotel you choose and the season youre visiting. ), Good kids were rewarded with presents and candy, while bad kids ended up with charcoal or even dirt (which begs the question: How bad do you have to be to getdirtfor Christmas?). The highlight of the day occurs when the Three Kings come walking into town. Decorations to celebrate the Three Kings` Day. In Puerto Rico, it is only 16 days after Three Kings' Day that the holiday season ends with the famous Octavitas and festivities of San Sebastin Street in the city of San Juan. It is the last day of the Christmas season and it is a very kid-focused day. Three Kings Day is one of the most important holidays on the Puerto Rican calendar. Traditionally, the island (and most of the Latin world) marked the eve of January 6, rather than December 25, as the day of exchanging gifts. [] The Three Kings Is One of Puerto Ricos Most Loved Traditions Global Voices Online, Ja [], Subscribe to comments on this post via email. Any type of traveler can find something to do in the area. Video Back Videos home Signature collection Essentials collection Diversity and inclusion sets If you are looking for more fun activities, then continue reading our article about the top 45 Things To Do In Puerto Rico. The law mandated that the Eugenio Mara de Hostos holiday and the Jos de Diego holiday would continue to be observed on their respective days as usual. Visiting Condado without a tour is entirely possible. This includes customers with street delivery who have left notices for mail pickup and post office box customers. You've already signed up for some newsletters, but you haven't confirmed your address. La Ventana al Mar is often home to gatherings, picnics, and even wedding photoshoots. The parade features men dressed up as the three wise men riding on camels and handing out candy to children along the route. WebPuerto Rico. Try using a different browser or disabling ad blockers. At present, Dia de Reyes in Juana Daz attracts over 25,000 people annually. Even if youre not staying in the area, these hotels are worth a visit. Children find that the camels ate the grass and the Three Kings drank the water left for them the day before. Find high-quality stock photos that you won't find anywhere else. Don Luis Muoz Rivera (18591916) was a prominent journalist, poet, and politician who advocated independence from Spain and later, the United States.