when was the silk deer discovered

3. The largest subspecies is the Manchurian sika deer (C. n. mantchuricus), in which males commonly weigh about 68109kg (150240lb) and females weigh 4550kg (100110lb), with large stags scaling up to 160kg (350lb), although there had been records of Yezo sika deer bulls weighing up to 170 or 200kg (370 or 440lb). "Chinese Silk and the Silk Road." Without its main predator, the population of sika exploded and it is now overpopulated in many areas, posing a threat to both forests and farmlands. Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletters are free features that allow you to receive your favourite sci-tech news updates. The weaving tools and bone needles found in the tombs, indicate the silk from 8,500 years ago was sewn or woven into clothing. Chinese Silk and the Silk Road. Mother and Child Reunion Of Thetis And Achilles, Seductive Sirens of Greek Mythology and How Heroes Resisted Them, Celestial Goddess Selene: The Ancient Greek Goddess of the Moon, Pegasus of Greek Mythology: Majestic Winged Horse of Mount Olympus, Dreams of Human-Powered Flight: Daedalus and the Story of Icarus, The Warriors Who Shaped African History: The Horsemen of Oyo, Royal Mistress Jane Shore Walked Streets of London in her Underwear, Leonardo Da Vincis Notes Show He Understood Gravity Long Before Newton, Talks Begin on Repatriating Remains of Patrick Sarsfield, Irish War Hero, The Ramessid Dynasty: A Golden Era in Ancient Egypt, Unraveling the Mystery of the Carnac Stones: An Ancient Puzzle of Epic Proportions, Unraveling the Enigma of Aramu Muru, The Mysterious Gate of the Gods. It is well known that silk is discovered in China as one of the best materials for clothingit has a look and feels of richness that no other materials can match. Throughout the history of civilization, the concept of the apocalypse has been ever present, in one way or another. Please, allow us to send you push notifications with new Alerts. The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route in the ancient world. The researchers emphasize that EHD is not transmissible to humans or pets through midge bites or consumption of infected deer meat. 1965. Then the women farmers will pick them up one by one to piles of straws, then the silkworm will attach itself to the straw, with its legs to the outside and begin to spin. Cultivated the silk-producing caterpillar ( Bombyx mori ). Local legislation strongly encouraged the planting of mulberry trees. Italy, like the rest of Europe, still relied on imported raw silk to meet the production demand. But whatever the result, nobody should forget that silk was, still is, and will always be a priceless treasure. The information you enter will appear in your e-mail message and is not retained by Tech Xplore in any form. Many books and videos show depictions of vast work forces hewing blocks of stone in the hot desert sun and carefully setting them into place. The invention of silk was significant not only to ancient China; but to all of Eurasia.. It makes long ago not feel so long ago. They found the tiny molecular proteins at the Jiahu archaeological site, which is rich with artifacts that point to some of the first signs of civilization. Soon, Spanish raw silk and textiles were sold throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. Answer (1 of 3): Hello Sophie, > According to well-established Chinese legend, Empress Hsi Ling Shi, wife of Emperor Huang Ti (also called the Yellow Emperor), was the first person to accidentally discover silk as weavable fiber. ( Public Domain ) DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080915, Provided by With a global reach of over 10 million monthly readers and featuring dedicated websites for science (Phys.org), when was the silk deer discovered damascus cowboy knives charles monat glassdoor television without pity replacement June 29, 2022 capita email address for references 0 hot topics in landscape architecture A Chinese Empress and the Discovery of Silk-Making, Silkworms (Bombyx spp) - The History of Silk Making and Silkworms, Silk Production and Trade in Medieval Times, How to Keep Fall Caterpillars Alive Until Spring, Khotan - Capital of an Oasis State on the Silk Road in China, The History and Archaeology of the Silk Road, Inventor Samuel Crompton and His Spinning Mule, Important Inventions and Discoveries from Ancient China, The Spinning Wheel in History and Folklore, B.A., East Asian Studies, Brown University. Highlighted in blue is a set of sub-parallel lines. 10 (The Boydell Press, 2014), Luca Mol, The Silk Industry of Renaissance Venice (The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000), Anna Muthesius, Studies in Byzantine, Islamic and Near Eastern Silk Weaving (Pindar Press, 2008), Click here to read more articles from Lucie Laumonier. The factory of Kfarchima is looted. Becerrillo: The Terrifying War Dog of the Spanish Conquistadors, For Sale In Britain: A Small Ancient Man With A Colossal Penis, The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Unleashing the End of the World, Medieval Sea Monster Was Likely a Whale, New Research Reveals, The Green Children of Woolpit: Legendary Visitors from Another World, What is Shambhala? Imported silk was funnelled through an imperial officer who redistributed the material to imperial workshops, though expertise was lacking. Scholars thought silk was made much more recently, about 5,000 years back. The shape could be like a female figurine with the head and the chest part, but then the chevron pattern to some of us looked like three mountains in a row a landscape view, he said. Known as the Silver-backed Chevrotain or Mouse deer, a specimen was last recorded in 1990, according to a study published Monday in the journal Nature Ecology and Evolution. 1966. It got its name from the fossilized bones found there, supposedly from unicorns, that were once ground up to make medicines. Understanding the Mysterious Kingdom of Shambhala, Alleged Sighting of the Mythical Manananggal in the Philippines Causes Public Anxiety, The Evidence is Cut in Stone: A Compelling Argument for Lost High Technology in Ancient Egypt, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. "The results were amazing. Credit: SIE/GWC/Leibniz-IZW/NCNP. Sika deer and elk are both very vocal . Tom Metcalfe writes about science and space for NBC News. Your email address is used only to let the recipient know who sent the email. Thousands of years have passed since China first discovered silkworms. They sold the raw silk at a good price. Very much like the lyrics of the famous She may be ancient Egypts most famous face, but the quest to find the eternal resting place of Queen Nefertiti has never been hotter. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? People don't know what to do when that happens, but we encourage the public to report potential EHD outbreaks to their local IDNR wildlife biologist for the surveillance and future study of the disease," says Jacob Wessels, who completed the research as part of his master's degree and now serves as a conservation police officer with the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. However, we do not guarantee individual replies due to the high volume of messages. When they were picking up fruits from the trees, they found a special kind of fruit, white but too hard to eat, so they boiled the fruit in hot water but they still could hardly eat it. The long filaments started to loosen in the hot water and she succeeded in unravelling a continuous strand several metres long. We hope that are our audience wants to support us so that we can further develop our podcast, hire more writers, build more content, and remove the advertising on our platforms. Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. Hikayemiz; Misyon & Vizyon; Kalite Politikamz; Sertifikalarmz; ISPM-15 aretleme zin Duyuru; Sosyal Sorumluluk; Hizmetlerimiz Thank you for supporting our website! As those water sources dry up, usually during late summer, the midges' muddy habitat is exposed and the adult flies emerge to bite and infect deer. Some Byzantine workers even left Byzantium to establish themselves as sericulturists in Muslim lands or to work there as silk weavers. A Canadian veterinary made a sika deer and elk crossbreed. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire. But centuries ago, the land that is now the United States was a very different place As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. However, deer bow heads to signal that they are about to headbutt. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. Custer, Charles. Unwilling to let his daughter marry a horse, he killed the innocent horse. Scores of dead deer suddenly littered rural properties and park preserves, alarming the public and inconveniencing landowners. The species, Tragulus versicolor, was first described in 1910 based on several animals found near Nha Trang, about 450 kilometres (280 miles) northeast of Ho Chi Minh City. [citation needed], Outside of a store on the island of Miyajima, Tame deer wandering the streets of the town of Miyajima, Japan, Sika deer have been introduced into a number of other countries, including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Russia, Romania, New Zealand, Australia, the Philippines (Jolo Island), Poland, Sweden, Finland, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States (Delaware, Kansas,[citation needed] Maryland,[16] Oklahoma, Nebraska,[16] Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, Virginia, Indiana, Michigan,[16] Minnesota, Maine, Texas,[16] Wyoming, Washington). This map shows the land route of the Silk Road in red and sea routes in blue. By using our site, you acknowledge that you have read and understand our Privacy Policy In Taiwan, both Formosan sika deer and Formosan sambar deer (Cervus unicolor swinhoei) have been farmed for velvet antlers. In May, a United Nations body of biodiversity experts, known as IPBES, issued a landmark report warning that up to one million species face the risk of extinction due to humanity's impact on the planet. Use this form if you have come across a typo, inaccuracy or would like to send an edit request for the content on this page. . Fights between rival males for territorial disputes, which occur by using hooves and antlers,[11] are sometimes fierce and long and may even be fatal. Sika deer are native to Japan and Southern Sibera, but have spread to over 77 countries due to intentional introduction for game food or accidentally because of habitat loss. Scroll down to learn more about some of the unique things that deer do, and discover why they act the way that they do. Japan has by far the largest native sika population in the world. The fawn becomes independent 10 to 12 months after birth,[12][11] and attains sexual maturity at 16 to 18 months in both sexes. In many areas, outbreaks occur every 3-5 years, when environmental conditions favor the life cycle of midges that carry the virus. [2] The ancestor of all Cervus species probably originated in central Asia and resembled sika deer. In Shinto, the Shika Deer is considered a kind of messenger between mortals and the kami. By bringing together top experts and authors, this archaeology website explores lost civilizations, examines sacred writings, tours ancient places, investigates ancient discoveries and questions mysterious happenings. [citation needed] They were so prolific, culling had to be introduced in the 1930s to control their numbers.[19]. Males spend most years alone occasionally forming herds together. He directed a documentary film about human trafficking in China. Females with fawns only form herds during birthing season. Credit: SIE/GWC/Leibniz-IZW/NCNP, Camera-trap photo of silver-backed chevrotain (Tragulus versicolor). Hinds (does) give birth to a single fawn, weighing 4.5 to 7kg (10 to 15lb), which is nursed for up to ten months. Finally, her father came back with the horse, but he was shocked at his daughter's promise. Creation of the first automatic factory for unwinding cocoons in Kfarchima imported from Japan. Micro-CT scans of the engraved bone and interpretation of the six lines in red that shape the chevron symbol. This isn't for lack of trying. Stone and antler tools were also found, some of which were likely used to prepare the deer for dinner, researchers say. The industry undoubtedly began in China, where, according to native record, it existed from sometime before the middle of the 3rd millennium bce. Soon, enough silk was produced to export the raw material in weaving centres established in Central Asia and in the Greater Iran region. Mulberries were planted in Northern Iran, as well as in Baghdad (Irak). Now, University of Illinois scientists have found gene variants in deer associated with the animals' susceptibility to EHD. DESCRIPTION- Weigh more than the Sika deer and less than an Elk deer. All silk produced and traded in the world had to come from their silkworms. An Nguyen et al. Once the worms had formed a cocoon, they were boiled and their silk extracted. There is an article on Natural History Magazine online by researchers who excavated the site of Jiahu in the 1980s about the artifacts, health, diet and music of the villages ancient residents. By the age of 10, most children in the United States have been taught all 50 states that make up the country. He was able to gather enough material by promising his neighbors to pay the price of silk, pound for pound, for the spider egg sacs abandoned in the corners of their cottages. Regarding the current find, the PLOS One abstract says: This finding may advance the study of the history of silk, and the civilization of the Neolithic Age. The authors intend to continue investigating evidence of early silk production at Jiahu and other sites. And it also occurs extensively in New Zealand where these deer have both been introduced (Davidson 1973; Kiddie 1962). Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request, Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). Some were consistent enough with the Silver-backed Chevrotain to justify putting up more than 30 motion-activated cameras in nearby forested habitats. Serious genetic pollution has occurred in many populations, especially in China, so the status of many subspecies remains unclear. vector illustration, icon, clip art, sign, symbol of deer for design. A century later, evidence suggests that Byzantine-Syrian farmers had started to cattle their own silkworms. I would like to subscribe to Science X Newsletter. Zadzwo do nas: 600-88-46-13 | email:would a diamond pickaxe work in real life The bone was unearthed in a cave in the Harz Mountains of central Germany, about 150 miles southwest of Berlin. With no confirmed sightings since 1990, experts assumed the species must have been pushed to the brink of extinction by hunting. The Musk Deer is a huntable animal featured in Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties. J. Lehmann / Courtesy Lower Saxony Office for Heritage. Many introduced populations are from Japan, so they also lack significant spots. the idea of taking essentially string and arranging it in such a way through careful practice can produce clothing and the like is justit makes me happy. It is more likely that sericulture slowly emerged in Byzantine Syria through a gradual spread from India. Silk was such a desirable product that a great trade route across Eurasia in ancient times was called the Silk Road. Are the Misty Peaks of the Azores Remnants of the Legendary Atlantis? Previously found from northern Vietnam in the south to the Russian Far East in the north, [1] it is now uncommon except in Japan , where the species is . The first complete mapping of a Neanderthal genome took place about five years ago - supporting the human-Neanderthal hook-up and also showing that Neanderthal DNA in humans is a thing. Introduced populations are found in areas with similar habitats to their native ranges, including Western and Central Europe, Eastern United States, and New Zealand. Actually, it could date back to the 30th Century BC when Huang Di (Yellow Emperor) came into power. In Chinese, it is known as ; mihul; 'plum blossom deer'. Later groups of Homo sapiens also inhabited the cave, but only much later, after about 12,000 years ago, Leder said. Known as the . For centuries, China kept secret the mysteries of silk production. Science X Daily and the Weekly Email Newsletter are free features that allow you to receive your favorite sci-tech news updates in your email inbox, Phys.org 2003 - 2023 powered by Science X Network. The Byzantines thus continued to import large quantities of raw silk. To build a road becomes a priority to trade silk. For an optimal experience visit our site on another browser. Custer, Charles. Jiahu, which is in Henan Province, is a site rich with evidence of civilization, as the authors report: The site is famous for the discovery of the earliest playable musical instrument (bone flutes), the earliest mixed fermented beverage of rice, honey and fruit, the earliest domesticated rice in northern China, and possibly the earliest Chinese pictographic writing. In the Late Antiquity, the silk trade was blossoming. At the time, China still exerted a strict monopoly on sericulture, or the rearing of silkworms. Irish elk, (Megaloceros giganteus), also called Irish deer or giant deer, extinct species of deer, characterized by immense body size and wide antlers, commonly found as fossils in Pleistocene deposits in Europe and Asia (the Pleistocene Epoch began 2.6 million years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago). From there, the silk was dispatched to Western and Northern Europe. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. In the 1700s, French naturalist Bon de Saint Hilaire presented a set of spider-silk gloves and stockings to the French Academy. There, silkworm farming thrived. There's a new breed of deer now, and it's a crossbreed of a sika deer and an elk. Sophisticated irrigation techniques, imported from Persia and Central Asia, enabled the Muslim rulers to establish silk farms wherever possible. [1] The status of C. n. hortulorum is particularly uncertain and might in fact be of mixed origin, hence it is not listed here. This is important because without the sequences, there's no starting point to do any kind of research," says study co-author Alfred Roca, professor in the Department of Animal Sciences, part of the College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES) at U of I. "Chinese Silk and the Silk Road." A cemetery dating back roughly 1,700 years has been discovered along part of the Silk Road, and one tomb bears carvings of several mythical creatures. Please, allow us to send you push notifications with new Alerts. The possibility that the bone had been boiled to make it easier to work with was especially interesting, he said. Their population status varies significantly in different countries. Camera-trap evidence that the silver-backed chevrotain Tragulus versicolor remains in the wild in Vietnam, Nature Ecology & Evolution (2019). Its name comes from shika (), the Japanese word for "deer". The discovery is further . But the collapse of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century cut off most of the European supply of raw silk. Even though I cant exactly weave (although I have friends that do!!!) ), This finding may advance the study of the history of silk, and the civilization of the Neolithic Age, wrote the authors. The cocoons were reeled in rural settings, before the silk was shipped to urban centres for spinning, weaving and further adornments. DOI: 10.3390/genes14020426. Velvet antler (dried immature antlers) is a popular ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine, and sika in China were domesticated long ago for the antler trade, along with several other species. British Association for Shooting and Conservation, Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sika_deer&oldid=1139481876, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2011, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Igota, H., Sakagura, M., Uno, H., Kaji, K., Maneko, M., Akamatsu, R., & Maekawa (in press). "This is the first time this gene has been sequenced completely in white-tailed deer. But these measures were not enough to produce raw silk in sufficient quantities. Our website, podcast and Youtube page offers news and resources about the Middle Ages. At last, they lost their patience and began to beat them with big sticks. They flew and flew, at last, they stopped on a tree, and the moment the girl touched the tree, she turned into a silkworm. Spot patterns vary with region. the Science X network is one of the largest online communities for science-minded people. It makes me feel like were connected. Identify the news topics you want to see and prioritize an order. One day, an Indian monk came to visit the Emperor. As an avid crocheter who still believes 100% in making things by handI just love this. By the thirteenth century, five Italian cities had established a thriving silk industry: Venice, Florence, Genoa, Bologna and Lucca. For centuries, China kept secret the mysteries of silk production. When alarmed, they often display a distinctive flared rump, much like the American elk. [citation needed], In the UK and Ireland, several distinct feral populations now exist. And then a miracle happened! Please select the most appropriate category to facilitate processing of your request, Optional (only if you want to be contacted back). Reintroduction programs are also under way in Vietnam, where the Vietnamese sika deer (C. n. pseudaxis) is extinct or nearly so. She is said to have: 1. Silkworm eggs would not have survived such a long trip. The sika deer is one of the few deer species that does not lose its spots upon reaching maturity. [7][8] On the other end of the size spectrum, in the Japanese sika deer (C. n. nippon), males weigh 4070kg (90150lb) and females weigh 3040kg (7090lb). 13th century depiction of people weaving silk by Liang Kai. This is quite unique, Leder said. In Modena, for instance, a law required landowners to plant a minimum of three mulberries on their estates. Sika Grande "Silk" Deer Hunting Sika Grande are a result of crossbreeding between Sika Deer and the American Elk. Creation of the first autonomous silk office in Lebanon. The sika deer is a member of the genus Cervus, a group of deer also known as the "true deer". According to the post, Lalo Serrano went to China for this crossbreed of giant mammals. The earliest evidence for Homo sapiens in the southeast of Europe is from about 45,000 years ago, and its not thought that they arrived in central Europe until at least 10,000 years after that, he said. The oldest evidence of manmade silk was discovered in 2016 in three tombs in Henan Province, central China, which were degraded silk proteins dating back 8,500 years. Height and horn length depends on Elk traits. The former cave entrance where the engraved item was recovered. Although charming, the story is certainly untrue. Sika Deer in New Zealand and their distribution. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. "Seasonal patterns of female sika deer in eastern Hokkaid, Japan.". Then, the technology of raising silkworms spread out. [citation needed] Formerly, sika were grouped together in this genus with nine other species. IPK researchers provide insights into grain number determination mechanism of barley, The world's first horse riders found near the Black Sea, Most detailed geological model reveals Earth's past 100 million years, On social media platforms, more sharing means less caring about accuracy, Molecular atlas of spider silk production could help bring unparalleled material to market, Tracing the history of grape domestication using genome sequencing, Study reveals link between selenium and COVID-19 severity, Students ate less meat in the three years after hearing talk on its negative environmental impacts, Scientists discover answer to the mystery of cloudy filters on satellites. Nature Ecology & Evolution. It was probably left standing upright in a corner of the cave.. ( Yuxuan Gong et al . In 2009, what is believed to be the worlds largest and rarest piece of cloth made entirely from the silk of the golden silk orb-weaver was exhibited at the American Museum of Natural History in New Sea silk is a highly-precious fabric that is so rare only one woman left on earth knows the secret to its creation. However, very few people know when or where or how it is discovered. First insight into the ecology of an elusive and threatened rabbit, Establishing a conservation breeding programme to save the last saola, Report: 58% of Europe's native trees face extinction threat, In Southeast Asia, illegal hunting is a more immediate threat to wildlife than forest degradation, Over 1,600 scientists call for conservation funding to solve the biodiversity crisis, First record of large-antlered muntjac in Quang Nam, Vietnam, in the wild, Mechanical weeding promotes ecosystem functions and profit in industrial oil palm, finds study, Plasticosis: A new disease caused by plastic that is affecting seabirds, Case study of rare, endangered tortoise highlights conservation priorities for present, future World Wildlife Days, The dual face of photoreceptors during seed germination, Illuminating the evolution of social parasite ants, Fluorescent protein sheds light on bee brains, New results from NASA's DART planetary defense mission confirm we could deflect deadly asteroids. It was a symbol of wealth and high social status for them to wear silk clothes. It helps them to understand not only what the disease will look like, but potentially the severity of an outbreak in a particular area. But this also made it far less expensive. It started from Chang'an (now Xi'an), across Middle Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. Archaeologists have also found ancient eagle talons used as pendants by Neanderthals, as well as cave paintings in Spain that may be older their date is disputed. Deer protected from deadly disease by newly discovered genetic differences. Emperor Justinian contributed to the establishment of silkworm farming by financing the planting of mulberry orchards. The gestation period lasts for seven months. The main predators of sika deer include tigers, wolves,[11] leopards, and brown bears. The number of EHD-positive deer sampled is indicated by a red bar in each county. It was named after a nearby modern village. The Moora Mystery: What Happened When a Girl Stepped into the Moor 2,500 Years Ago? Hardys own research has included the discovery of what seems to be a piece of Neanderthal string a Stone Age technology not seen before. The increasing evidence of symbolic artistic expression by Neanderthals, as well as by later Homo sapiens, suggests that the hominin species that were the ancestors of both were also artistic, he said. DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-1027-7, Journal information: One day, when the empress was sipping tea under a mulberry tree,. the Science X network is one of the largest online communities for science-minded people. In this way, silks and silkworms were discovered. Considering the disease's episodic nature, it's not likely to present as a severe outbreak again in Urbana parks anytime soon. Therefore, when a human "bows" to a deer, the deer may take it as a challenge, and will assume the same stance before charging and attempting to headbutt the person. The tail measures about 7.513cm (35in) long. Archaeologists have been able to take a closer look at one of the United Kingdoms most famous shipwrecks. Anasayfa; Hakkmzda. Mark Miller has a Bachelor of Arts in journalism and isa former newspaper and magazine writer and copy editor who's long been interested in anthropology, mythology and ancient history. The archaeologists can only guess at the meanings of the carvings if they have any meaning at all. Vector horizontal illustration of dark forest with wild elk in forest. The emperor may have hoped to break the Chinese monopoly on raw silk. "It's very complicated to respond to an outbreak of EHD because there are often large numbers of deer found dead near water. In Japan, the species is known as the nihonjika ( (), "Japan deer"). Note: From China to Spain, an army of medieval farmers tended to their white mulberries and fed their leaves to the hungry silkworm-caterpillar. Emperor Wu Di of western Han Dynasty decided to develop trade with other countries.

Chicago Police Detective Star, Studio Flats To Rent In Whitstable, Muskingum University Athletics Staff Directory, Mobile County Business License Search, Strange Bird Calls At Night Uk, Articles W