activity 4 locating an earthquake epicenter answer key

Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. Locating Earthquake Epicenter Lab Answer Key buysms de. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Finding the epicenter of an Earthquake by Ah - Ha Lessons 5.0 (1) $3.00 PDF Activity This lesson teaches the student the process scientists use to locate the epicenter of an EQ. epicenter of an earthquake, how Tips: Make sure students are reading the S waves and not the P waves. To locate the epicenter of the earthquake, seismologists use the . endstream endobj startxref 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. You will receive your score and answers at the end. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. 2. m>r/Q[6 Mapping the history of natural hazards in a region, combined with an understanding of related geologic forces can help forecast the locations and likelihoods of future events. Explains how to find an earthquake epicenter using at least three seismograph stations. This page titled 13.4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter is shared under a CC BY-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Deline, Harris & Tefend (GALILEO Open Learning Materials) . The arrival of seismic waves will be recognized by an increase in amplitude look for a pattern change as lines get taller and more closely spaced (ex. long will it take, to the nearest 0. minutes, for the first P waves to travel from the epicenter to your station? Finally, the location of the 3 seismographs are placed on a map and the distance to the epicenter is used to draw a circle with an origin at each seismograph and a radius equal to the distance to the epicenter as taken from each seismogram. Tracings made at three separate seismic stations are needed to locate an earthquake epicenter. 0000078100 00000 n Material is sheared side to side, perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation. 6. Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? Encourage them to explore all of the Earthquakes Living Lab as they complete the worksheet. An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. HTn {0,`K6}(J6]&Q^"!q57y_VQ9fp3/?Mc=KGsrrt:c\$Lh`4}>C>`qcSj0[YpZ_Su(322/N Z./$E )H %C[5ph[BUyGh7|!XPQiDjJ(|BNvylk+g;9G(#Aby>Jcf`XmnwtDD+;Z^I&Sb-4!7oi` L7 endstream endobj 78 0 obj <> endobj 79 0 obj <>stream Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined?" 4. Multiply the difference by 8.4 to estimate the distance, in kilometers, from the seismograph station to the epicenter. question 1 of 3. Place a ruler (or straight edge) on the chart between the points you marked for the distance to the epicenter and the amplitude. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. H\0y Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. Describe the logarithmic nature of the earthquake magnitude scale. important in helping seismologists determine the epicenter of the earthquake. 0000004511 00000 n Short for "secondary wave" or "shear wave." $8.25. Mr Gneiss. [*aiLG?+J\QI86~}ooRrr!pm}dk@dBbZPMZlC4C\9^ SM.R\!H+$|+DUzt^w{" %&{KXjT'9yzT^UFe:+f(`PU_9%EW@\)?i qp!\G Z endstream endobj 75 0 obj <>stream 4. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? A single recording station can only calculate distance, but not direction; to cover all possibilities, a complete circle is drawn around that station. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. Engineers first determine where earthquakes are likely to occur, and how severe they are likely to be. Therefore, the lag 0000115324 00000 n 0000001746 00000 n between arrival of P and S waves is called Alignment agreement: Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. 0000001604 00000 n One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. Where the 3 circles intersect is the approximate location to the epicenter of the earthquake. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). 0000053998 00000 n distance = travel time for S waves (Grades 6 - 8). Note the differences in 9 - The process is called triangulation. The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. What is the (i. Once three seismographs have been located, find the time interval between the arrival of the P-wave . earthquake. The epicenter is the point directly above it at the surface of the Earth. For this activity, select the "Chile" box. As you read and complete the activity, take notes so you can complete the. 13 4 locating an earthquake epicenter geosciences libretexts . The three seismograms in this activity are unfi ltered station records from a single event that occurred on August 1, 1999. (Grades What data is used to determine magnitude? In this investigation, participants will understand that S and P waves are used to find the epicenter of an earthquake by using seismograph data to triangulate an epicenter. HTAn Today we will be using a traveltime graph, where the vertical separation between, the P and S curves is equal to the difference in the arrival times between the Pwave, and Swave. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Seismic stations detect earthquakes by the tracings made on seismographs. different types of seismic waves. When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. 01. distance from transducer to the focal point. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Thus technology use varies from region to region and over time. To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. Before looking at the Earthquakes Living Lab, have pairs complete the, Then guide the teams to the Earthquakes Living Lab via the living lab website at. To make a magnitude determination, two measurements are needed: the S-P interval (already determined earlier in the tutorial) and the maximum amplitude of the seismic waves. It is slower than the same earthquake's P wave and cannot travel through liquids. There are two sets of data and maps to do this activity/ lab for than once. Section 8.1 What Is an Earthquake? Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. See Answer. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? Q(_?!6YV3B"\'9:4gTp*7^/P.X!skfkJ)1nG#a\{UD+iWM+ rQR]9SFTUPlM#"c:;tnsQPlu]Uyv?Ge}W;8cMA/x}'5clES~+}S+N7}wQ:/BkmI^" 5oqaBC[TRjq4.e}F:SQg{=u\xcg~EaZKReoC?oahJ` 'w endstream endobj 77 0 obj <>stream Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake. Reading Strategy. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! If less precision is desired, precede M with a tilde, such as "M ~7" or "magnitude ~6.8.". The time epicenter, the longer the lag time measured 0000098546 00000 n 3. epicenter - the point on Earth's surface directly above the focus, or origin, of an earthquake. =Cv :~4yrXP 62{_,*Uq/O-oUNBr-$y~:G},#3e^CS6U*_zVGY7ZNUWk2f?? {%!,"{u5E&OOqA_"/uxn-kx+Vz*EQb)Q S waves. Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . located 1,000 miles from the Describe what the "magnitude" of an earthquake is. Conclude the activity with a class discussion (and perhaps homework questions) to share ideas and answers, as described in the Assessment section. Legal. If the lag time were measured at a location closer to the epicenter, The period of a wave is the time between two adj, How does the period of the P waves compare to t. Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. This is determined by the P-and S-wave arrival times. 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. When an earthquake strikes, P waves arrive at a seismograph rst and S waves next. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Was there an initial quake followed by smaller quakes? Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. 0000004060 00000 n Doing this generates an S-P interval graph (time vs. distance, called the travel-time curve graph) from which they determine and select three epicentral distances. It's a logarithmic scale from 1 to 10 with each succeeding level representing 10 times as much energy as the last. : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. (, Find the S-P interval for each seismogram and record answers in the S-P column of, Find the distance to the epicenter (in kilometers) from each recording station and record answers in Table 1. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. 5 4. In the U.S., earthquake measurements under the MMS (those of magnitude 3.5 or higher) are still commonly erroneously referred to by the general public and media as being on the Richter scale, due to more familiarity with the Richter scale. Download. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the travel time for P waves. HTn0"H@w=s(vxk8OM1px-{$_!o5|CS7RPr#V(0CUa%ZkuT9t};D Jj=.9,z!#@n5YCu>R88tfFRX=iRK 12), computer or other device with Internet access, journal or writing paper for each student. 0000030968 00000 n 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n at that station. 0000003254 00000 n If a quake is near the seismograph, the S-waves arrive shortly after the P-waves. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. Seismic Waves. Use this information to complete the following. How does distance from the epicenter affect the magnitude (height) of the seismograph reading? Activity 4 Locating An Earthquake Epicenter Answers: Fill Out & Sign . Why might the triangulation method not always produce an exact point (other than your measurement errors)? How does the period of the P waves compare to the period of the surface waves? Do limits exist on what science can predict? Zip. An earthquake is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. What is an earthquake? Scientists and engineers around the globe gather data through observation and experimentation and use it to describe and understand how the world works. Subjects: Earth Sciences, General Science Grades: 5th - 8th Types: Activities, Laboratory to the lag time measured at this location? Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Video Guide / Worksheets and Quizzes for Quizzes and Answer Sheet __ 2. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. atrial depolarization. I contacted the persons listed below to find out the location of the following people entitled to notice Name of Person Measure the difference in arrival times between the first shear (s) wave and the first compressional (p) wave, which can be interpreted from the seismogram. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. Figure 8. Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. These distances are determined using a travel-time curve, which is a graph of Pand S-wave arrival times (see Figure 13.11). moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. Civil engineers, who design houses, apartment buildings, schools, skyscrapers, bridges, highways, tunnels, water treatment facilities, factories and other structures, may use this data to help them create safer structures that are less likely to sustain damage during earthquakes. A.45 seconds B.50 seconds C.55 seconds D.65 seconds Answer Key: D While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< HlRnQ?R\>BjK' Dochub is the best editor for changing your documents online. hbb2b`b``a I @ endstream endobj 62 0 obj <>/Metadata 55 0 R/Pages 51 0 R/StructTreeRoot 57 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 63 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Fields[]>> endobj 64 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <>stream %PDF-1.3 % The lag time for any earthquakes. Record your answer from Lab Exercise #2, Step 1. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. Type text, add images, blackout confidential details, add comments, highlights and more. During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Epicenter is the location on the surface of the Earth directly above where the earthquake starts. 0000033429 00000 n Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. 0000001562 00000 n 0000106240 00000 n How does the lag time change as you get farther and (Source: USGS). Use Figure 5 and the travel-time graph in Figure 4 to determine . 0000008088 00000 n (Grades Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. For example, However, please review it for the specific setting, materials, students, and conventional safety precautions.

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