mesopotamian god weh

Ninimma was a courtier of Enlil regarded as his scribe and sometimes as the nurse of his children. Shuzianna was a goddess regarded as the second wife of Enlil. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Amzallag writes: An essential link between Yahweh and copper is suggested in the Book of Zechariah where the dwelling of the God of Israel is symbolized by two mountains of copper (Zech. Philip King and Lawrence Stager place the history of Yahweh into the following periods: Other academic terms often used include First Temple period, from the construction of the Temple in 957BCE to its destruction in 586BCE, exilic for the period of the Exile from 586539BCE (identical with Neo-Babylonian above), post-Exilic for later periods and Second Temple period from the reconstruction of the Temple in 515BCE until its destruction in 70CE. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The Sumerian term Martu, also used as the gods' name, had a more vague meaning - "westerner." The god was envisioned as a tutelary deity of the Amorites by the Mesopotamians, and in texts he was a courtier or even son of the sky god An and his wife Urash. [22], The oldest plausible occurrence of his name is in the phrase "Shasu of Yhw" (Egyptian: yhww) in an Egyptian inscription from the time of Amenhotep III (14021363 BCE),[23][24] the Shasu being nomads from Midian and Edom in northern Arabia. Ereshkigal was the queen of the Mesopotamian Underworld. It was not until 1957 that a team under the archaeologist Michela Schiff Giorgini, excavated the site and found reference to a group of people described as Shasu of Yahweh at the base of one of the columns of the temple in the hypostyle hall. The centre of Yahweh's worship lay in three great annual festivals coinciding with major events in rural life: Passover with the birthing of lambs, Shavuot with the cereal harvest, and Sukkot with the fruit harvest. As the first extra-biblical inscription found to mention Yahweh, much was made of the discovery as the stele reported the same event from the biblical narrative of II Kings 3 in which Mesha the Moabite rebels against Israel (though with the major difference of the stele claiming a Moabite victory and the Bible claiming Israel the winner). [12], The god's name was written in paleo-Hebrew as ( in block script), transliterated as YHWH; modern scholarship has reached consensus to transcribe this as Yahweh. [82] In his Quaestiones Convivales, Plutarch further notes that the Jews hail their god with cries of "Euoi" and "Sabi", phrases associated with the worship of Dionysus. The biblical narrative, however, is not as straightforward as it may seem as it also includes reference to the Canaanite god El whose name is directly referenced in `Israel' (He Who Struggles with God or He Who Perseveres with God). The name "Yahweh" means "He Who Makes That Which Has Been Made" or "He Brings Into Existence Whatever Exists". (2018, October 22). The seven gods of Mesopotamia are: An, the supreme god, ancestor to all other deities, and personification of the sky; Enlil, god of air, wind, storms,. Bes was the Egyptian god of play and recreation. Yahweh the Destroyer: On the Meaning of Heath D. Dewrell. He is the son of the couple Anshar and Kishar (heaven and earth, respectively), the second-born of the primordial couple Apsu and Tiamat. Borr World History Encyclopedia. 1. View Rude Words. Model of Herod's Renovation of the Temple of Jerusalem, Although the Bible presents Yahweh as the god of the Israelites, there are many passages which make clear that this deity was also worshipped by other peoples in. Even the final edited form of Genesis II Kings [in the Bible] presents diverse views on the matter. Alala and Belili were ancestors of Anu, usually appearing as the final pair in god lists accepting this tradition of his ancestry. Enki, later known as Ea, and also occasionally referred to as Nudimmud or Niniku, was the god of the subterranean freshwater ocean. We contribute a share of our revenue to remove carbon from the atmosphere and we offset our team's carbon footprint. Cite This Work Your enemies shall come fawning to you, Lugal-irra and Meslamta-ea are a set of twin gods who were worshipped in the village of Kisiga, located in northern. 1. The deities of Sumer were usually associated with aspects of nature, such as fertility of the fields and livestock. In time, this practice evolved into worship of deities such as El, Asherah, Baal, Utu-Shamash, and Yahweh among others. Yahweh was an ancient Levantine deity that became the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. It is generally accepted in the modern day, however, that Yahweh originated in southern Canaan as a lesser god in the Canaanite pantheon and the Shasu, as nomads, most likely acquired their worship of him during their time in the Levant. The mountains quaked at Yahwehs presence, As Judaism became a universal rather than merely a local religion, the more common Hebrew noun Elohim (plural in form but understood in the singular), meaning God, tended to replace Yahweh to demonstrate the universal sovereignty of Israels God over all others. The inscription mentions how Mesha, after defeating the Israelites, took the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh (the chief god of Moab), meaning the objects sacred to the worship of Yahweh in the temple, most likely the temple in Israel's capital of Samaria (Kerrigan, 78-79). [44] The earliest known Israelite place of worship is a 12th-century BCE open-air altar in the hills of Samaria featuring a bronze bull reminiscent of Canaanite Bull-El (El in the form of a bull) and the archaeological remains of further temples have been found at Dan on Israel's northern border, at Arad in the Negev and Beersheba, both in the territory of Judah. [12], A coin issued by Pompey to celebrate his successful conquest of Judaea showed a kneeling, bearded figure grasping a branch (a common Roman symbol of submission) subtitled BACCHIVS IVDAEVS, which may be translated as either "The Jewish Bacchus" or "Bacchus the Judaean". The etymology of ,1 the name of the national god of ancient Israel and Judah, has been a topic of perennial interest. Thus Genesis 4:16, attributed by literary critics to the so-called `Yahwistic' source, traces the worship of Yahweh back to the earliest days of the human race, while other passages trace the revelation and worship of Yahweh back to Moses [in the Book of Exodus]. Books Lugalbanda was an early legendary king of the Sumerian city-state of Uruk, who was later declared to be a god. An The god of heaven, An, was believed to have been conceived by the Sumerians as the supreme ruler of the pantheon. Family Religion in Babylonia, Syria and Israel: Continuity and Change A History of the Ancient Near East ca. Introduction Venerated as the patron deity of Babylon itself, Marduk as one of the major Mesopotamian gods formed an important part of the Babylonian pantheon. when you marched out of the field of Edom, Abraham's initial community was developed by his son Isaac and then his grandson Jacob (also known as Israel). The oldest mention of Yahweh dates to the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep III - 1386-1353 BCE. And the origin of the name Yahweh isn't a . Ninhegal was a goddess of abundance worshiped in Sippar. [40], In the earliest Biblical literature Yahweh has characteristics of a storm-god typical of ancient Near Eastern myths, marching out from a region to the south or south-east of Israel with the heavenly host of stars and planets that make up his army to do battle with the enemies of his people Israel:[17], Yahweh, when you went out of Seir, According to Sumerian poetry, the goddess Ninmah acted as a midwife. [12] The archangels Michael, Gabriel, Raphael, and Ouriel and Jewish cultural heroes such as Abraham, Jacob, and Moses are also invoked frequently. In some myths and god lists, Anshar and Kishar are a primordial couple, who are male and female respectively. "Yahweh." 3 13 365 Trey the Explainer @Trey_Explainer May 11, 2020 It's like saying Japanese and Asian as if they are two different things. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. In 1907, James Henry Breasted arrived and photographed the site but, again, engaged in no excavation. Its ruins lie near the current city of Antakya, Turkey, to which the ancient city lends its name. The meaning of the name `Yahweh' has been interpreted as He Who Makes That Which Has Been Made or He Brings into Existence Whatever Exists, though other interpretations have been offered by many scholars. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem. Humhum was a minor god worshiped in Dr-arruku (also known as Sippar-Aruru) in northern Babylonia. Mark, J. J. Urmahlullu was an apotrapaic creature with the lower body of a lion and upper body of a man, attested mostly in Assyria. Initially, the people of Canaan, including the Israelites, practiced a form of ancestor worship in which they venerated the god of the father or the god of the house, in addition to paying homage to their earthly ancestors, in an effort to establish individual tribal and family connections (van der Toorn, 177). Ki was a Sumerian goddess who was the personification of the earth. Nabu was the Mesopotamian god of scribes and writing. Early Christian writers, such as St. Clement of Alexandria in the 2nd century, had used a form like Yahweh, and this pronunciation of the tetragrammaton was never really lost. The Bull of Heaven is a mythical beast that Ishtar demands from her father Anu in both the Sumerian poem, Girtablullu were creatures with the upper body of a human (. The Shasu (also given as Shashu) were a Semitic, nomadic people described as outlaws or bandits by the Egyptians and, in fact, they are named on the column of the temple at Soleb among Egypt's other enemies and appear later, in an inscription from the reign of Ramesses II (r. 1279-1213 BCE), as among the pharaoh's enemies at the Battle of Kadesh. He creates animals and human beings, destroys all in a great flood except Noah, Noah's family, and the animals Noah saves, and elects Abram (later known as Abraham) to lead his people to the land of Canaan and settle there (Genesis 1-25). Numushda was a god who was associated with the city of Kazallu. Many Greek transcriptions also indicated that YHWH should be pronounced Yahweh. 6:1-6). Just a few days before Super Bowl Sunday, in which Drake bet nearly a million dollars on the Kansas City Chiefs, it looks like he's hit with some interesting news. He was the preserver of life on earth, and the protector of humans against the evil designs of their, and his arch enemy, GodEnlil, the future monotheist Satan. While the great gods of the pantheon were worshipped by priests at . For Yahweh's portion is his people, Jacob his allotted heritage. Kus is a god of herdsmen referenced in the, Kusu was a goddess of purification, commonly invoked in Akkadian, Lagamar, whose name means "no mercy" in Akkadian. As the traditional sacrifices to Yahweh (see below) could not be performed outside Israel, other practices including sabbath observance and circumcision gained new significance. Cruda, funesta smania / Donizetti; Thine alone ; Ah, sweet mystery / Herbert; Zaz. Ashgi was one of the main gods of Adab in the Early Dynastic and Sargonic periods. Yahweh was a Canaanite god of metallurgy who was transformed by the ancient Israelites into the One True God, creator of heaven and earth. Imdugud, later known as Anz, is an enormous bird-like monster with the head of a lion described as so huge that the flapping of its wings was thought to be the cause of sandstorms and whirlwinds. In 931 BCE, following the death of Solomon, the kingdom split in two and a new political entity, the Kingdom of Judah with its capital at Jerusalem, emerged in the south. [30] It follows that if the Kenite hypothesis is to be maintained then it must be assumed that the Israelites encountered Yahweh (and the Midianites/Kenites) inside Israel and through their association with the earliest political leaders of Israel. Erra is a warlike god who is associated with pestilence and violence. Laguda was a god associated with the Persian Gulf. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 3538, Last edited on 21 February 2023, at 10:40, "The Role of Archaeological and Literary Remains in Reconstructing Israel's History", "A Land Divided: Judah and Israel from the Death of Solomon to the Fall of Samaria", "Into Exile: From the Assyrian Conquest of Israel to the Fall of Babylon", Journal for the Study of the Old Testament: Supplement Series, "El the God of Israel-Israel the People of YHWH: On the Origins of Ancient Israelite Yahwism", "Tracking Observance of the Aniconic Tradition", "Priests and Levites in the Hebrew Bible", "Yahweh's "Wife" and Belief in One God in the Old Testament", "The Divine Name Yahweh Alohim from an African Perspective", "Yahweh's Asherah, Inclusive Monotheism and the Question of Dating", "A Conversation with My Critics: Cultic Image or Aniconism in the First Temple? He was known as the god of wisdom, magic, crafts, and healing. She was introduced in Mesopotamia in the Ur III period as an independent deity. The first to mention this were Haggai and Zechariah, both prophets of the early Persian period. Many scholars believe that the most proper meaning may be He Brings into Existence Whatever Exists (Yahweh-Asher-Yahweh). Related Content The World History Encyclopedia logo is a registered trademark. Enki and Ninki were two primordial beings who were regarded as the first generation among the. An was believed to be a sky god, and was initially regarded to be the Lord of the Heavens, or the supreme deity of the Sumerian pantheon. After the Babylonian Exile (6th century bce), and especially from the 3rd century bce on, Jews ceased to use the name Yahweh for two reasons. The way the Yahweh line was interpreted further supported the concept of Yahweh as the god of the Israelites alone since Mesha claims to have taken the Israelite god's vessels as tribute to his own. Miller and Hayes comment: Perhaps the most noticeable characteristic of Yahweh in Israel's early poetry and narrative literature is his militancy. In the Bible, Yahweh is the one true God who creates the heavens and the earth and then chooses a certain people, the Israelites, as his own. The period of Persian rule saw the development of expectation in a future human king who would rule purified Israel as Yahweh's representative at the end of timea messiah. Lugaldukuga was the father of Enlil in some traditions, Nammu is the primordial goddess who, in some Sumerian traditions, was said to have given birth to both An and, Ama-arhus (Nin-amaaruu; "(lady) compassionate mother") was a sparsely attested Mesopotamian divinity, explained as a title of the medicine goddess, Amasagnudi was the wife of Papsukkal in the god list, Amashilama was the daughter of Ninazu and his wife, Antu is a goddess who was invented during the. The character and power of Yahweh were codified following the Babylonian Captivity of the 6th century BCE and the Hebrew scriptures were canonized during the Second Temple Period (c. 515 BCE-70 CE) to include the concept of a messiah whom Yahweh would send to the Jewish people to lead and redeem them. Mesopotamian Gods Family Tree UsefulCharts 1.38M subscribers Subscribe 24K Share 1M views 1 year ago Watch Mythology with Mike's video about Ishtar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Anpre.. Shuwala, the tutelary goddess of Mardaman, a city located in the north of modern Iraq, is attested in sources from the Ur III period. Contents 1Major deities 2Lesser deities 3Primordial beings 4Demigods and heroes 5Spirits and demons 6Legendary beasts Major deities Adador Ishkur - god of storms, venerated as a supreme power especially in Syriaand Lebanon Anshur- head of the Assyrianpantheon, regarded as the equivalent of Enlil (111). It's based on the fusion of a Sumerian god named Yah and a Mesopotamian god named Weh." Nothing about that sentence is even remotely right. 4. [9] The notion that Yahweh is "to be venerated as the creator-god of all the earth" is first elaborated by the Second Isaiah, a 6th-century exilic work, though the case for the theological doctrine again rests on Yahweh's power over other gods rather than independent monotheistic reasoning. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Submitted by Joshua J. Ereshkigal, Ninazu, Ningishzida, Tishpak; Bamu ("venomous snake") was a mythical horned snake who played an apotropaic role in Mesopotamian religion. This is not to say that he was not represented in some symbolic form, and early Israelite worship probably focused on standing stones, but according to the Biblical texts the temple in Jerusalem featured Yahweh's throne in the form of two cherubim, their inner wings forming the seat and a box (the Ark of the Covenant) as a footstool, while the throne itself was empty. [36] Although the Biblical account draws a clear distinction between Israelites and Canaanites in this period, and this was followed in early scholarship, the modern consensus is that there was no distinction in language or material culture between these groups and scholars accordingly define Israelite culture as a subset of Canaanite culture. World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Terracotta figurines of Athena are known from Seleucid Babylon. The names of the principal gods of Akkad and Sumer, c.3100 BC. Secondly, the only source I can find for Yah immediately is. The words at the top of the list are the ones most associated with sumerians, and as you go down the relatedness becomes more slight. [34] During this period, Israel was a confederation of tribes,[35] each of which was (by then) a territorial entity with boundaries and rights. Ugallu ("big day" or "big weather beast") was a class of beings in Mesopotamian mythology, attested after the Ur III period. Web. Musician goddesses always mentioned as a pair who were handmaidens of Shaushka. Amzallag compares the attributes of the Egyptian Ptah and the Mesopotamian Ea/Enki along with Napir of Elam, all gods of metallurgy (among their other attributes) with Yahweh and finds striking similarities. Yahweh[a] was an ancient Levantine deity that became the national god of ancient Israel and Judah. Anunit - Mesopotamian mother or creator goddess derived from the earlier Sumerian Ki. Please support World History Encyclopedia. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. His name is composed of four Hebrew consonants (YHWH, known as the Tetragrammaton) which the prophet Moses is said to have revealed to his people. World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. The origins of his worship reach at least to the early Iron Age, and likely to the Late Bronze Age if not somewhat earlier, and in the oldest biblical literature he possesses attributes typically ascribed to weather and war deities, fructifying the land and leading the heavenly army against Israel's . [59] These probably pre-dated the arrival of the Yahweh religion,[59] but they became linked to events in the national mythos of Israel: Passover with the exodus from Egypt, Shavuot with the law-giving at Mount Sinai, and Sukkot with the wilderness wanderings. The oldest mention of Yahweh was long held to be the Moabite Stone (also known as the Mesha Stele) erected by King Mesha of Moab to celebrate his victory over Israel in c. 840 BCE. In Isaiah 54:16, Yahweh is explicitly mentioned as the creator of both the copperworker and his workSuch an involvement of Yahweh is never mentioned elsewhere for other crafts or human activities. Home to the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Assyria, and Babylonia these peoples are credited with influencing mathematics and astronomy. Ninkilim was a deity who was associated with mongooses, which are common throughout southern Mesopotamia. Jacob's favorite son, Joseph, was sold by his brothers into slavery and brought to Egypt where, owing to his skill in interpreting dreams, he rose to prominence and was able to save the region from famine (Genesis 25-50). Urkitum was in origin an epithet of Ishtar meaning "the Urukean," who eventually developed into a separate goddess. [11] The High Priest of Israel was permitted to speak the name once in the Temple during the Day of Atonement, but at no other time and in no other place. Nanna, Enzu or Zuen ("Lord of Wisdom") in Sumerian, later altered as Suen and Sin in Akkadian. Mesopotamian God Names: Anu - "Sky," the chief god of the Babylonian pantheon Nergal - "Lord of the Underworld," the Babylonian god of death and disease Adad - "Thunder," the Babylonian god of storms and rain Ninhursag - "Lady of the Mountains," the Sumerian goddess of fertility and nature Yahweh as the all-powerful creator, preserver, and redeemer of the universe was then later developed by the early Christians as their god who had sent his son Jesus as the promised messiah and Islam interpreted this same deity as Allah in their belief system. Ninlil was the wife of Enlil, the ruler of the gods. Suhurmau was a creature likely imagined simply as a type of fish by the Sumerians, but as a fish-goat hybrid by the Akkadians. In Roman times, following the Siege of Jerusalem and destruction of its Temple, in 70CE, the original pronunciation of the god's name was forgotten entirely. This fit with the theory that Yahweh was a desert god whom the Hebrews adopted in their exodus from Egypt to Canaan. Firstly, Sumeria is in Mesopotamia. The name Yahweh comes from the Hebrew word for "I am." When God met Moses at the burning bush and commanded him to go back to Egypt and lead the people out, Moses asked who he should say has sent him. [6] In later centuries, El and Yahweh became conflated and El-linked epithets such as El Shaddai came to be applied to Yahweh alone,[7] and other gods and goddesses such as Baal and Asherah were absorbed into Yahwist religion. Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Auch heute gibt es fr jeden Topf ein Deckelchen. [12] License. The Moabite Stone has also been reinterpreted in light of recent scholarship which demonstrates that the people of Moab also worshipped Yahweh and the reference to Mesha taking the vessels of Yahweh to Kemosh most likely means he repossessed what he felt belonged to the Moabites, not that he conquered Israel and its god in the name of his own. Pazuzu is a demonic god who was well known to the Babylonians and Assyrians throughout the first millennium BC. Seven gods A. The Israelites remained a henotheistic people through the time of the Judges, which predates the rise of the monarchy, and throughout the time of the Kingdom of Israel (c.1080-c. 722). At the same time, the divine name was increasingly regarded as too sacred to be uttered; it was thus replaced vocally in the synagogue ritual by the Hebrew word Adonai (My Lord), which was translated as Kyrios (Lord) in the Septuagint, the Greek version of the Hebrew Scriptures. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Once the land is conquered, Joshua divides it among his people and, in time, they establish the Kingdom of Israel. A woman of the Levite tribe among the Israelites hides her son and then sends him downriver in a basket to be found by pharaoh's daughter, who adopts him; this child is Moses (Exodus 2:1-10). [67] There is no universally accepted explanation for such aniconism, and a number of recent scholars have argued that Yahweh was in fact represented prior to the reforms of Hezekiah and Josiah late in the monarchic period: to quote one study, "[a]n early aniconism, de facto or otherwise, is purely a projection of the post-exilic imagination". He further claims that the name of the god of the Edomites, Qos, is an epithet for Yahweh and notes how the Edomites, a people closely associated with metallurgy, were the primary workers and administrators of the copper mines at Timna and, further, that Edom is never mentioned in the Bible as challenging Israel in the name of a foreign god; thus suggesting that the two peoples worshipped the same deity (390-392). Agade - Mesopotamian City. [13] The shortened forms "Yeho-" and "Yo-" appear in personal names and in phrases such as "Hallelujah! Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Ningirida was the wife of Ninazu and mother of Ningishzida and his two sisters. The Book of Amos is a prophetic book of the Hebrew Bible largely Did The Judeo-Christian God Once Have A Wife Named Asherah? Ishkur, later known as Adad or Hadad (from the root *hdd, "to thunder". For example: Howard the Duck: Inverted; Pazuzu is the patron god of the Doucheblade.Played straight with the other Mesopotamian gods, whose followers were . Allani, in Mesopotamia known as Allatum, was the Hurrian goddess of the underworld. Though scholars know the Anunnaki as the gods of ancient Mesopotamia, fringe theorists believe they are ancient alien invaders from the planet Nibiru. Mandanu was a divine judge, attested after the Old Babylonian period, but absent from older god lists such as the so-called Weidner and Nippur lists. Thank you for your help! Amzallag specifically cites the ancient copper mines of the Timna Valley (in southern Israel), biblical and extra-biblical passages, and similarities of Yahweh to gods of metallurgy in other cultures for support. Rabbinic sources suggest that, by the Second Temple period, the name of God was pronounced only once a year, by the high priest, on the Day of Atonement.[15]. [73], Yahweh is frequently invoked in Graeco-Roman magical texts dating from the 2nd century BCE to the 5th century CE, most notably in the Greek Magical Papyri,[74] under the names Iao, Adonai, Sabaoth, and Eloai. The name Bl-arbi means "lord of the poplar" (the tree meant is assumed to be, Most historians generally agree that Gilgamesh was a historical king of the Sumerian city-state of. When the temple was destroyed and the kingdom sacked, the Jewish clergy had to find some reason for the tragedy and concluded it was because they had not paid enough attention to Yahweh and had angered him through the acknowledgement and worship of other gods. He is generally involved in the creation of the world and/or the creation of humans. In this new age, the Israelites in Canaan sought to distance themselves from their neighbors in order to consolidate political and military strength and so elevated Yahweh above El as the supreme being and claimed him as their own. A passage like this reflects the early beliefs of the Canaanites and Israelites in polytheism or, more accurately, henotheism (the belief in many gods with a focus on a single supreme deity). Anu (also known as An) is an early Mesopotamian sky god who was later viewed as the Father of the Gods and ruler of the heavens, a position which then passed to his son Enlil. An is the Sumerian word for heaven, and he represents the father of all the gods. We have 73 individual gods listed in the Mesopotamian pantheon of gods and spirits. 2. For more information, please see our An was said to be both the brother and husband of Ki, the goddess of the Earth, and was at some points considered the de facto father of all creation. The Assyrians had a weather god named Adad who carried lighting bolts in his hand and bore a striking . and you shall tread on their backs". Anunit She was the goddess of the moon and battle. [65] Shiloh, Bethel, Gilgal, Mizpah, Ramah and Dan were also major sites for festivals, sacrifices, the making of vows, private rituals, and the adjudication of legal disputes. Utu, later known as Shamash, is the ancient Mesopotamian god of the Sun, Inanna, later known as Ishtar, is "the most important female deity of ancient Mesopotamia at all periods. The Masoretes, who from about the 6th to the 10th century ce worked to reproduce the original text of the Hebrew Bible, added to YHWH the vowel signs of the Hebrew words Adonai or Elohim. Anatu The name is derived from 'Anat,' the Semitic goddess of fertility and war and hunting. Mark, Joshua J.. Hendursaga was a Sumerian god described as "protective god with a friendly face" in inscriptions. Shalash was the wife of the Syrian god Dagan. Sumer (not Sumeria, which wasn't a thing) is the southern part of Mesopotamia (so that's like saying "a Texan god named Yah and an American god named Weh"). The discovery of Amenhotep III's mention of the Shasu of Yahweh placed the god much earlier in history than had been accepted previously.

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