what is the radius of the earth in meters

Asked By: Lena Frontelo | Last Updated: 18th May, 2020, Earth is the third planet from the sun. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). Earths rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Definitions and Formulas. nasa.gov. Earth's rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Write it in scientific notation. ), In geophysics, the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) defines the Earth's arithmetic mean radius (denoted R1) to be[2], The factor of two accounts for the biaxial symmetry in Earth's spheroid, a specialization of triaxial ellipsoid. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 1999. Compute the circumference of the Earth using the distance and angle measurements you have. [27] However, the 1492 enactment of that voyage brought his fleet to the Americas. The meridional mean is well approximated by the semicubic mean of the two axes,[citation needed]. [21] The first known scientific measurement and calculation of the circumference of the Earth was performed by Eratosthenes in about 240BC. The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. A: . The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. F Thus the curvature found this way is smaller than the curvature of a circle of constant latitude, except at the equator. Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. You can do this, too, by using his method. Semi-minor axis b = 6356752.3142 meters. Exponential or Scientific Notation: It is easier to write very large numbers such as 100,000,000 as 10 8 (1 followed by 8 0s). These values correspond to the zero Earth tide convention. Now that the radius of orbit has been found, the height above the earth can be calculated. 64miles, whereas, whether it ismeasured round the rods, it isapproximately 24,806 miles. stands for the radius of the Earth. The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is now just that, a reference ellipsoid (that is, its the ellipsoid used as a reference by GPS and related systems). Now we know 1km=1000m 5. = . You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Answer: Starter The radius of the moon is 1,737,000 meters. r A How much is a trillion in scientific notation? The radius of the Earth is 6371 km. which differs from the exact result by less than 1m (4105in); the mean of the two axes. The diameter is the distance from side to side, if you. How do you find the radius of the earth from the circumference? Measuring the Circumference of the Earth. This video will show you how Eratosthenes calculated the circumference and radius of the Earth in 240 BC!! , The space station is 356 feet (109 meters) end-to-end, one yard shy of the full length of an American football field including the end . r = m v 2 F c . George has always been passionate about physics and its ability to explain the fundamental workings of the universe. y about 6,367.445km (3,956.547mi), can also be used. r = 39350/ 6.28 = 6267 kilometer. Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. r [9] for an oblate spheroid, the curvatures are. The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers, Eratosthenes used the ancient Greek measurement of stadia, but his calculations use the proportionality of angles between two locations, so any system of measurement will work. In astronomy, the International Astronomical Union denotes the nominal equatorial Earth radius as Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. Mathematically, Earth is a spheroid. Oceanic crust is denser and thinner and mainly composed of basalt. p Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. 903 mi) at the poles and 6371. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid, the radius ranges from a maximum of nearly 6,378km (3,963mi) (equatorial radius, denoted a) to a minimum of nearly 6,357km (3,950mi) (polar radius, denoted b). The information were posted by senior high school classes all over the US, plus some in Canada and Mexico, employed in pairs. A model of a helicopter rotor has four blades, each of length 3.4 mm from the central shaft to the blade tip. arrow_forward. The bulge had been decreasing, but since 1998 the bulge has increased, possibly due to redistribution of ocean mass via currents. Eratosthenes methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. Your email address will not be published. r . Q4. After completing his degree, George worked as a postdoctoral researcher at CERN, the world's largest particle physics laboratory. As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. It was there that he first had the idea to create a resource for physics enthusiasts of all levels to learn about and discuss the latest developments in the field. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. Record the distance between your location and your partners location. It does not store any personal data. Hence 1km=10001000m=10m 6. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? Similarly very small numbers are written using negative exponents, e. The very first printed mention of Earths size made an appearance around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in the book Around the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had suspected the circumference of the world to become 400,000 stadia. The average light travel time to the earth is 8.3 minutes. The extrema geocentric radii on the ellipsoid coincide with the equatorial and polar radii. R = 6371 km is the mean Earth radius.. First of NASA's SunRISE SmallSats Rolls Off Production Line. T he circumference of the Earth (around the equator) is approximately 24,887 miles. The circumference of the world measured round the Equatoris approximtely 24,887. Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter Conversion Table, How to Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Other Length Units. The bulge have been decreasing, consider 1998 the bulge has elevated, possibly because of redistribution of sea mass via currents. The polar circumference equals Cp=4mp, four times the quarter meridian mp=aE(e), where the polar radius b enters via the eccentricity, e=(1b2/a2)0.5; see Ellipse#Circumference for details. In Eratosthenes case, the distance was 787 kilometers, so for him, the following relation applied: where x = the circumference of the Earth in kilometers. less than 6400 km. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earth's surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Using the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, this gives, Another spherical model is defined by the Earth's volumetric radius, which is the radius of a sphere of volume equal to the ellipsoid. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Hence, we create models to approximate characteristics of Earths surface, generally relying on the simplest model that suits the need. This topographical average is 6,371.230km (3,958.899mi) with uncertainty of 10m (33ft).[16]. Example 2. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. where. Using the parameters from WGS84 ellipsoid of revolution, a = 6,378.137 km and b = 6356.7523142km, V = 1.083211012km3 (2.59881011cumi).[17]. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Point B, which appears due east from A, will be closer to the equator than A. ] Given local and transient influences on surface height, the values defined below are based on a "general purpose" model, refined as globally precisely as possible within 5m (16ft) of reference ellipsoid height, and to within 100m (330ft) of mean sea level (neglecting geoid height). However, Earth is not quite a sphere. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} R = earthRadius returns the scalar value 6,371,000, the mean radius of the Earth in meters. nasa.gov. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. What is the radius of the earth? Required fields are marked *. nasa.gov. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". radius of earth in meters scientific notation, Convert Earths Equatorial Radius to Meter, What Is Radius Of Gyration In Civil Engineering, High Definition 3D Printer Prints 5 Meters per Second, Most Precise Measurement Ever from the Radius of the Planet Outdoors Our Solar System, Scientists Uncover How Quickly-Flying Bats Can Achieve Great Heights well over 1,600 Meters, What Is The Ploidy Of This Cell Model Mastering Biology, Do The Laws Of Thermodynamics Apply In Space, How To Change Google Earth Language To English, Worlds greatest-dwelling squid spotted 20,000 ft underneath the ocean, Hatches Open! r How do you find the radius with mass and gravity? [ m. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pJ} }^{\mathrm {N} }} 371 106 m), the bottom unit of length within the Worldwide System of Units (SI). The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Use the protractor to measure the angle where the string meets the stick at the top. How far is the center of the Earth in KM? E January 2023: The Next Full Moon is the Wolf or Ice Moon. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. {\displaystyle r=[r^{1},r^{2},r^{3}]^{T}=[x,y,z]^{T}} Surveyors today use a variety of instruments and calculations to determine the size of the Earth and collect other relevant data. Earth's polar radius is 3,950 miles (6,356 km) a difference of 13 miles (22 km). Nowadays there are better ellipsoids when it comes to supplying a much better fit to mean ocean level compared to WGS84 ellipsoid. [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. That's between 28 and 29 Earths. Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. View this answer. Enchanted Learning. About Earth radiusThe Earth radius, or even the radius of the world, may be the distance from the middle of our planet towards the surface. The geoid height can change abruptly due to earthquakes (such as the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake) or reduction in ice masses (such as Greenland).[5]. Andrew Blum gives some tips that could students in the high-school class in Clinton, Mississippi because they focus on the Eratosthenes project. Ans. (clarification needed). Refer to the WGS-84 ellipsoid if a more precise value for its polar radius is needed. Mass (10 24 kg) 5.9722 Volume (10 10 km 3) 108.321 Equatorial radius (km) 6378.137 Polar radius (km) 6356.752 Volumetric mean radius (km) 6371.000 Core radius (km) 3485 Ellipticity (Flattening) 0.003353 Mean density (kg/m 3) 5513 Surface gravity (m/s 2) 9.798 Surface acceleration (m/s 2) 9.780 Escape velocity (km/s) 11.186 GM (x 10 6 km 3 /s 2) cos It has a diameter of 12,756.3 km (Scientific notation: 1.2756 x 10e4) and a radius of 56,378.15 km (Scientific notation: 5.6378 x 10e4 km.) [d] It is also common to refer to any mean radius of a spherical model as "the radius of the earth". The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. {\displaystyle r} The equatorial radius is most commonly used to calculate the volume of Earth, so as not to leave out any territory. The WGS84 ellipsoid can be used worldwide (such as the ridiculously over-precise flattening value). He noticed that the difference in the angle of a shadow in his location at Syene, which is present-day Aswan in Egypt, and that of a shadow in Alexandria was about 7.2 degrees. The radius of the earth's orbit is 45,000,000 meters. N Earth's polar radius is 3950 miles (Diameter = 7900 miles). Since pi is an infinite number, the calculations in Step 6 will be more accurate. . Earth, as we know now, is an oblate spheroid, as shown in the above figure. See answer. Eratosthenes estimated Earth's circumference at about 46,250 kilometers (28,735 miles). Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. How do you solve for radius and diameter? And we end up with 12.6 meters per second , Firearm muzzle velocities range from approximately 120 m/s (390 ft/s) to 370 m/s (1,200 ft/s) in black powder muskets, to more than 1,200 m/s (3,900 ft/s) in modern rifles with high-velocity cartridges such as the , Summary. How do you find the radius of a planet in physics? Likewise for surface area, either based on a map projection or a geodesic polygon. where e2 = a2 b2/a2 and A is the surface area of the spheroid. Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. For Earth, the arithmetic mean radius is 6,371.0088km (3,958.7613mi). Note that the dimensions of h, R and d must be . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The IUGG denotes the authalic radius as R2. z NASA Telescope Takes 12-Year Time-Lapse Movie of Entire Sky. Based on data taken by 183 high-school classes taking part in a global Year of Physics project, Appraise the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, when compared to recognized value for that mean radius of 6371 km. It is 6356.752 km (3949.903 mi) at the poles and 6371.001 km (3958.756 mi) on average. This equation for acceleration can , Dry ice is the name for carbon dioxide in its solid state. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. {\displaystyle {\frac {\partial r}{\partial \lambda }}} Drive one of the meter sticks into the ground in your location in a sunny spot. Reviving Erastosthenes, 2022-year-old experiment using the angle of the sun to measure the radius of the Earth. While specific values differ, the concepts in this article generalize to any major planet. {\displaystyle e} At the equator, the radius of Earth is 3963 miles (Diameter = 7926 miles). These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Its surface gravity is 274 m/s 2 or 28.0 times that of the Earth. In general, this points to an important conclusion about nature itself. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. a) The diameter of the earth is approximately 1.276 1 0 7 1.276 \times 10^7 1.276107 m in scientific notation. ( also corresponds to the radius of (global) mean curvature, obtained by averaging the Gaussian curvature, How do we measure the diameter of the Earth? Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. | A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. = By 1490, Christopher Colombus believed that traveling 3,000 miles west from the west coast of the Iberian peninsula would let him reach the eastern coasts of Asia. The accelerationwhich is gained by an object because of gravitational forceis called its acceleration due to gravity. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. The formula for the volume of a sphere is V = 4/3 r. The radius R of a nucleus of mass number A can be estimated by the formula R = (1.3 1015)A 1/3 m. The earth rotates once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.09053 seconds, called the sidereal period, and its circumference is roughly 40,075 kilometers. det Around 100BC, Posidonius of Apamea recomputed Earth's radius, and found it to be close to that by Eratosthenes,[23] but later Strabo incorrectly attributed him a value about 3/4 of the actual size. {\displaystyle n={\frac {N}{|N|}}} So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec Its SIunit is m/s2. At the equator, = 0 and this arc length = 111.32 km, nearly. 1 Therefore, the difference was 7.2 degrees. The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). Measure the angle of the shadow of your meter stick when the sun is overhead and the shadow is smallest, often known as local noon (when the sun is exactly north-south in the sky at its highest point).

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